The article deals with the problem of the formation of Yugoslav foreign policy after the emergence of the Soviet-Yugoslav conflict in 1948 in the coverage of Yugoslav and modern Serbian historiography. The conflict became a watershed in the foreign policy of the Yugoslav state: friendly and allied relations with the USSR and the countries of the Soviet bloc gave way to hostility, which forced Belgrade to seek economic, and then military and political help and support to the West, primarily to the United States. In the first post-war years, the Yugoslav leadership sought to put its country in the center of Balkan politics, to occupy a leading position in the communist movement in the region, which caused misunderstanding and irritation both in the Kremlin and in the neighboring states. The official party picture of the post-war history of Yugoslavia and the interpretation of its foreign policy as presented in the works of J. Broz Tito, E. Kardel, M. Piade, S. Vukmanovich-Tempo, career diplomat L. Mates and others, was almost completely reproduced in the 1960-1980s Yugoslav historiography. Such historians as B. Tadich, M. Stoykovich, V. Gavranov, S. Stoyanovich emphasized that in 1948 there was a logical clash of independent and free Marxist theory and practice with state bureaucratic socialism. The roots of non-aligned politics in this version of historical retrospective are chronologically located in the irst post-war years, and more precisely in June 1945, when there was a well-known crisis around Trieste. With the beginning of the collapse of socialist Yugoslavia, a process of reappraisal, irst of all by Serbian historians, of the old historiographical theses based on party attitudes. In the works of D. Bogetic (not immediately), I. Chavoski, D. Bondzhich, S. Selinich, J. Tripkovich, A. Zhivotich, L. Dimich there was a turn from the heroic, party tradition in the description and analysis of foreign policy, its non-aligned component, to its critical reflection, rejection of the propaganda description of the processes taking place.

The article traces the main stages of the construction of cultural and entertainment institutions in the cities of Northern Azerbaijan.The article notes that it is with the revival of socio-political and cultural life, the development of architecture that construction of spectacular buildings is observed in Azerbaijani cities., With the reference to archival sources and additional literature, the author covers the construction of buildings for entertainment activities, initiated by theatrical figures, as well as local philanthropists and entrepreneurs both local and foreign. The proposed article also reveals the participation of urban self-government in such a signiicant event in the life of the cities of Northern Azerbaijan. It is concluded that, despite a number of bureaucratic issues, the construction of entertainment institutions continued, enriching the architectural image of cities. The article covers the theatrical, musical, ballet tours of famous and leading theater troupes, the 30th anniversary of the construction of the G. Z. Tagiyev Theater, which performed the hymn "General Tagiyev" written by Azerbaijani composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov. The author also highlights new productions of performances based on works by Azerbaijani, Russian and foreign authors. They played a signiicant and noble role in the cultural life of the Azerbaijani people, contributed to the implementation of a cultural upsurge, the development of aesthetic taste among the population, laid the foundations for the diversity of their cultural leisure.

The article provides the analysis of the tense and unstable political situation in Transcaucasia during the period of 1918, when Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan declared their independence and began to territorialize their borders, i-nally burying the idea of the Transcaucasian Confederation. The author focuses on the characterization of socio-political positions in deining the borders of Armenia and Georgia that have developed in the context of the ongoing World War I. The article explores not only the beliefs of the ruling circles, but also reflects the vision of the situation by publicists who seek to influence the broad masses of the population. The source for study are different historical documents: diplomatic documents, memoirs of politicians, and periodical materials. Their analysis made it possible to determine the positions of the parties in designating the conceptual positions of the formation of the borders of independent states, to show the reasons for the territorial claims of Armenia and Georgia, the role of the Entente states and the reasons for their failures in resolving ethno-territorial contradictions, which for a long time determined the attitude of other states to the region. Assessing the facts cited, the authors conclude that, having given absolute priority to the issues of territorial delimitation in the formation of their own statehood, the Armenian and Georgian sides relied more on the arbitration of the Entente countries, not trying to independently resolve the issue. The idea of creating a Transcaucasian Confederation, which could turn out to be the most viable political formation in the current geopolitical situation, gave way to the ambitions of national political elites, who could not cope with the desire to increase their scale at any cost at the expense of the territories of their neighbors and determined their reputation as "unsupportable", which was one of the reasons for the loss of statehood that did not take shape.

This article discusses the main activities of the outstanding Soviet aircraft designer - A. S. Moskalev, who became a worthy successor of the national school of aeronautical engineering, which passed to him from I. Sikorsky through N. N. Polikarpov. The author presents A. S. Moskalev's achievements in detail. He was the author of more than 40 innovative aircraft designs, among which a number of aircraft called "SAM" are Alexander Moskalev's aircraft. A. S. Moskalev was the founder of the deltoid wing of small elongation, which allowed world aviation to make a sharp qualitative leap in the development of supersonic and hypersonic aviation. The article emphasizes that any of his work, whether it be a sports aircraft, a landing glider or a fighter, was distinguished by the ingenuity of engineering, was noted for its high professionalism and, as a result, was one of the most effective in its class in the world. The author traced how the ideas of A. S. Moskalev formed the basis for the development of a number of aircraft, which became one of the components of the strategic parity of the Soviet Union, among which was the super-plane M-50 designer V. N. Myasishchev, as well as the supersonic strategic bombers of the Tupolev Design Bureau Tu-22, M-3 and Tu-160, still in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces, and a number of others. A. S. Moskalev also belongs to the authorship of the idea of an aerospace orbital aircraft, which was repeatedly emphasized by the chief designer of the Soviet aerospace aircraft Buran G. E. Lozino-Lozinsky. The novelty of the work is a comprehensive study of the professional biography of A. S. Moskalev. Known only to a narrow circle of specialists, A. S. Moskalev made a huge contribution to the development of the industry. The study significantly expands the understanding of Soviet aircraft construction and the features of its development. Thanks to a wide range of sources, including archival ones, the achievements of the Soviet aircraft designer are inscribed in the context of the 1930s, through the vicissitudes of his fate the tragedy of the historical era is shown.

The article studies creative heritage of the expert on the Russian agrarian history of post-reform Russia A. V. Ostrovsky. The author notes that this work is at initial stage and regards it as a relevant task. The importance of this research is confirmed by the fact that conclusions of A. V. Ostrovsky about agrarian development of the European Russia have the defining value for the concept of the Russian revolutions and collectivization in the USSR. The article analyzes disagreements concerning the assessment of the Decree of November 9, 1906, which arose in 1980s between A. V. Ostrovsky, on the one hand, and G. P. Zhidkov and A. S. Zaboyenkova, on the other. The author notes that Ostrovsky believed this Decree, which started Stolyp-in's agrarian reform, didn't have the radicalism attributed to it in literature and assumed gradual transformation of the peasant community. Ostrovsky proved this conclusion by the fact that the Decree allowed the peasants who left community to keep on using undivided lands of community. Based on the analysis of the articles of G. P. Zhidkov and A. S. Zaboyenkova, the author claims their objections unconvincing and makes the assumption that for this reason A. V. Ostrovsky refrained from full-scale controversy with the opponents. The article declares that the assessment of the Decree of November 9 given by A. V. Ostrovsky was an important part of his concept of agrarian development of Russia in late 19th - the irst third of the 20th century, which was formulated in a number of articles and a posthumously published monograph. The author proves that A. S. Zaboyenkova's opinion concerning the legal aspects of Stolypin reform stated in her recent articles are conformable to earlier stated judgments of A. V. Ostrovsky, and disagreements concerning the possibility of transition in Russia from repartition community (peredelcheskaya obschina) to community-mark are no more than misunderstanding.

The article is devoted to the relationship between Russia and the Nogai societies that moved in the North Caucasus and the Northern Black sea region at the end of the XV-XIX centuries. The latter took an active part in political events related to the expansion of Russian influence in the East. The nature of this interaction is analyzed in historical retrospect, it is shown how the positions of the parties changed as a result of a dynamically changing geopolitical conjuncture. Particular attention is paid to the foreign policy aspects of the problem, which, in many respects, explain the positions of the parties in the process of building socio-political and cultural communication. Arguments are presented in favor of the hypothesis about the reason for the exodus of the Nogais to the territory of the Crimean Khanate, which, according to the author, was associated with the expansion of the Kalmyks to the Nogai nomads. The relations of the Nogais with the Crimean and Ottoman nobility were progressive only until the beginning of the attempts of the Crimean khans to establish political control in the Nogai hordes, using extremely harsh methods. Under such condi- tions, in the middle of the XVIII century, the Nogais began to look for a way out of onerous citizenship, the protection and patronage of the Russian Empire. The circumstances of the search for mutually acceptable forms of relations between the nomads and the imperial administration are shown. The places of residence of the main groups of the Nogai population are speciied, and those normative legal acts that underlie the regulation of the life of nomadic births are evaluated. The role of the institution of bailiff is shown as the most acceptable form of dialogue between the state and Nogai societies in the circumstances. The conclusion about the effectiveness of such a management model that allows unarmed methods to resolve emerging disputes is argued. The reasons for the exodus of a significant part of the Nogai nomads to the borders of Turkey are clariied, and the tragic fate of those migrants who chose to leave Russia is shown.

The theme of the Great Silk Road (GSR) has become popular in Russia since the early 1990s, when, as a result of political changes, the country became more open to the outside world. Scientists of Russia and other countries have shown great attention to the historical experience of the GSR due to the fact that it provides a unique opportunity to trace the trans-regional integration ties within Eurasia over the past two thousand years. In the universities of the North Caucasus, interest in the topic of GSR is logical, since one of the sections of the Silk Road was held here. The experience of studying the history of high school education is examined in joint projects carried out by scientists of the Central and the North Caucasus region, within the framework of which scientiic conferences are held at universities, dissertations are defended, elective disciplines are read. Significant forums in which the problems of studying relations between the peoples of Northern Eurasia were presented at the interregional scientific conference "The Minayev Readings" held at the history department of Stavropol State University, and now the representative international scientific and practical conference "The Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Great Silk Road and promotion of tourist destinations in the North Caucasus", held in the North Caucasus Federal University. A representative example of a study that raises issues of intra-Eurasian communication back in antiquity is the Ph.D. thesis of the South Korean representative Lee Ji Eun, defended at the Stavropol State University and devoted to the topic of contacts between the early nomads of the South Russian steppes with Chinese civilization, in which the author studies Chinese imports and imitations of monuments between them South Ural and the Balkans. In the universities of the North Caucasus, there is experience in the development of periodizations of world history, in which the GSR acts as an important artery that promoted the integration of very distant peoples into the world-historical process, in antiquity and the Middle Ages (the history department of the Armavir State Pedagogical University). The universities of the North Caucasus contribute to the development of the problems of the GSR, which is of great practical importance today in connection with the development of international partnership and tourism.

The article is devoted to the litigation in Poland, which became known as Brest litigation, that did not ind special reflection in Russian historiography. It took place at the turn of 1931-1932 in Warsaw. A part of the figures who were imprisoned for two months during the pre-election campaign of 1930 in a military prison in Brest, representing the left and centrist parties of the Centrolew bloc, were brought to trial. The process has become a manifestation of the tendency for a decisive offence against the opposition after the election. The study relies on published process materials, press testimonies, memoirs of participants and contemporaries. The article traces the preparation, course, results and consequences of the trial. The indictment charged with preparing a coup and revolution. Separate stages of the trial itself are presented: the speeches of the accused, the speeches of prosecutors and lawyers, as well as the verdict and the struggle for its change. Attention is drawn to the importance of this process for the authorities and their intentions: to justify the illegal character of the arrest of Brest prisoners and mockery of them in prison. When considering the course of the trial, the political nature of the prosecu- tion and the tactics of the prosecutors who by any means tried to prove the anti-state nature of the activities of the defendants are shown. The tactics of the defense and the defendants' speeches were based not so much on a complete refusal to admit their guilt, but on counterclaims by the authorities and personally J. Pitsudski of usurpation as a result of a power coup and the establishment of personal dictatorship, numerous violations of the law during the period of the reorganization regime. The weak position of the prosecution influenced the verdict of the court: the heaviest sentence was excluded from it, the terms of imprisonment were set below the minimum, the verdict was not unanimously adopted by the panel of judges. The socio-political resonance of the process in the country and in the world has seriously worsened the image of the Polish state and is one of the highest manifestations of the violation of the law and independence of the court in interwar Poland.

The article defines the possibilities of electronic prosopo-graphic database for multidimensional study of biographies of officers of the Russian Imperial army in 1914-1922. The author formed a sample of socio-professional data on more than 1.5 thousand oficers of the garrisons of Voronezh, Kursk, Tambov provinces in 1914 and changes in their lives and careers during the First World War, the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil war. The analysis of indicators of age, social class, national-religious, educational structure, career movement of the studied cohort of oficers for 1914 in comparison with the socio-professional appearance of the entire Russian oficer corps, has shown the typical character of this cohort, the legitimacy of formulating broad conclusions, provisions and generalizations based on the results of its analysis. The first results of database processing show that in terms of age in the studied garrisons, as well as in the army as a whole, middle-aged oficers predominated. There were relatively few young oficers in the cohort, but a relatively large number of age commanders (over 50 years old) who were not physically quite ready for the coming war. It is established that the class composition of oficers of the garrisons of the Voronezh, Kursk, Tambov provinces in 1914 was typical of the apparent predominance of the nobility. But still a third of this group of oficers came from other estates. The author revealed that about 90% of the members of the studied cohort were Slavs of the Orthodox confession. Small but notable groups were Catholic poles and Lutheran Germans. According to the data on education it turned out typical for the Russian oficer corps of the early XX century approximate equality of graduates of military and cadet schools, close to the all-Russian proportion of of-icers who received military academic education. For career advancement of oficers of the studied sample, as well as all oficers of peacetime, was characterized by a relatively slow receipt of ranks and awards. Only about 100 officers of the cohort participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 18771878, the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905, other military campaigns of Russia in the late XIX - early XX century most of the oficers had to gain combat experience during the First World War.

The article discusses the plot devoted to the complete St. George cavaliers from the line Cossack's regiments of the Kuban in Caucasian War period. This problem still remains in the category of little-studied. The imperial historiography of the Kuban did not pay due attention to the ordinary Cossacks, who were awarded the military order of St. George for their many years struggle against the highlanders. In practice, it turns out that there were no systematic accounting of heroes and relevant statistics for Cossack's regiments and villages. The unknown author of a note published in a regional newspaper in 1869 included the retired Cossack Ivan Chernyshev from the 1-st (Caucasian) brigade and the retired Cossack's sergeant Martyn Bratukhin from the 2-nd (Kuban) brigade of the Kuban Cossack's army among the complete cavaliers who were still alive at that time. According to various documents found in central and regional archives, it turned out that the Cossack Ivan Chernyshev was nott the complete cavalier. In spite of the found mistake it could be possible to identify another hero of the passed epoch. Such holder of a prestige award was a Cossack's oficer (sotnik) Ivan Sesekin. It is interesting to stress that both heroes originated from stanitsa Prochnookopskaya. This Cossack's village was well-known as a greatest centre of Old Believers who conflicted with Orthodox clergy. At the same time, Cossacks-Old Believers showed themselves very noticeably in a long-term war with the highlanders. About more than a hundred St. George cavaliers and about three dozen Cossack's oficers originated from stanitsa Prochnookopskaya and they gloriied many times the Caucasian Line, and later the Kuban Cossack Army. The theme devoted to the St. George cavaliers of the Cossack's regiments of the Kuban in Caucasian War period still requires additional research efforts.

In the history of the Second World War, the Soviet-German Treaty, signed on August 23, 1939, occupies a special place and for 80 years remains one of the widely discussed and debatable questions of the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries. Significant differences in understanding the causes and objectives, interested in concluding the agreement of the parties, the interpretation of the results achieved in their course and the admitted strategic miscalculations, remain up to date and controversial both in Russian and in foreign historiography of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The Munich "conspiracy", which had the goal of "pacification" in Europe due to the dismemberment and further occupation of a sovereign European country, did not bring the expected results, but sowed fear and doubts in small Eastern European countries. The Soviet Union, not without reason fearing for its security, in the period from March to August 1939, was looking for an opportunity to maintain neutrality, while probing the Anglo-French position on the conclusion of a military-political agreement with the USSR. Long sluggish negotiations in May-August 1939, between Britain, France and the USSR, where the two irst powers sought, above all, to push the Soviet Union with Nazi Germany, shifting the vector of the approaching war to the East, did not produce real results and reached an impasse. Hitler, back in April 1939, who signed the Weiss plan, which, from September 1, 1939, envisaged military measures to defeat and seize Poland, needed an agreement with the USSR that would allow Germany to avoid war on two fronts - in the West and in the East. Stalin, who was afraid of creating a single anti-Soviet front and disbelieved by the sincerity of the Anglo-French proposals by mid-August, saw broader prospects for the security of the Soviet Union and the postponement of the war with Germany, in the opportunity to conclude a non-aggression treaty with it, which German diplomats actively probed with May - June 1939. Germany, which by the twenties had concentrated more than 1.5 million soldiers, about 2,800 tanks and 2,000 airplanes, urgently needed to sign the agreement fall from the USSR. Not wanting to postpone the start of hostilities, Hitler made very signiicant concessions, including questions of a military-political, territorial, economic nature, advanced beforehand in a special telegram sent by him on August 21, sent to Stalin on August 23. In Moscow in 1939 Ribbentrop (German Foreign Minister) and Molotov (head of the USSR NKID) signed a non-aggression agreement and a secret annex to it on the delimitation of spheres of influence and territories between the USSR and Germany "in the area from the Baltic to the Black Sea".

The article studies the movement against drinking in Russia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century, the methods to tackle alcoholism of the population. The reasons that led to alcohol consumption in the working, peasant, soldier environment, alcohol consumption by wealthy citizens are considered. Participation in the discussion of methods of combating alcoholism among doctors and teachers is noted. The role of sobriety societies in the fight against alcoholism, including the First Moscow Sobriety Society, the Alexandro-Nevsky Sobriety Society, is shown. Attention was drawn to the activities of the Russian Society for the Protection of National Health, in particular to the work of the Commission, which was engaged in scientific research on alcoholism and offered recommendations on the introduction of methods of combating alcoholism. In the article, the author raises the problem of drinking in the Stavropol province, noting how harmful alcohol consumption in the peasant environment was that even children consumed alcohol. It is noted that in order to overcome the problem of alcohol consumption, active moral and educational work was carried out by the Andreevsky-Vladimir Brotherhood, the Society to promote the spread of national education. A lot of work to distract the population of Stavropol from drinking alcohol was carried out by the Staroforstad Sobriety Club. Sobriety movement found practical implementation in the Don and the North Caucasus as a whole. At the beginning of the 20th century, various public organizations were opened on the Don and the North Caucasus to fight drinking. It is noted that in the Seven Caucasus the population did not actively seek to abandon the use of alcoholic beverages, many believed that this problem is not easy to solve. The author shows the activities of the Trustees on folk sobriety, their practical work - supervision of the income of the food trade, distribution of a healthy lifestyle, establishment of tea and dining rooms. The role of the member of the III State Duma from the Samara province M. D. Chelyshov, who advocated the eradication of drinking in Russia, including raising this issue in the State Duma, is shown. It is noted that the advanced public of Russia carried out enormous work to combat alcoholism of the population in the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century.

Within the subject field of source study of historiography the author studies the question of constructing the national past in the essayistic practice of historiography, which was carried out by Empress Catherine the Great (Notes on Russian History) and the famous Catherine nobleman and mason Ivan Elagin (Essay of the narration about Russia). The studyactualizes the problem of classifying historiographical sources of the second half of the 18th century, in particular of their kind as an essay ("ocherk" - in rus., AbriGVUmrilJ" - in germ.). According to the author, his notes should be considered "notes" and "essay" investigative task, the author points to the main features inherent in such forms of historiography as "notes" and "essay" in West European and Russian historiography. The characteristics of "Notes on Russian history" are given, which, according to the author, have specific features of a big national history and educational book on national history, however, the word "notes" present in the self-name and the author's reflection on the purpose of historical writing allow him to be classiied as essays. From nine parts of "Essay of the narration about Russia" in 1803 only the irst part was published. The author got acquainted with other parts in the manuscript which is stored in the Department of manuscripts of National Library of Russia (St. Petersburg). There is basis to consider that I. Elagin used a form of "essay" for test of the original model of the Russian history. Considering a format of the scientiic article, the author analyzed one plot (the Kiev event of 1068) from Catherine the Great and I. Elagin's works (according to the manuscript). For more correct carrying out the analysis the Old Russian chronicles (published in the 18th century) were used and texts of the Russian historians of the 18th century Vasiliy Tatishchev and Mickail Shcherbatov are attracted. As a result of the analysis, features of a socially oriented type of historical writing that differing from scientiic and lines inherent in a historical narration in the form of the essay were revealed.

The article is devoted to the little-studied question about the features of housing and household culture of the Don miners in the post-reform period. A number of issues related to the values and attitudes of miners in the housing sector, their needs and living standards are considered. During the period under review, the vast majority of Don miners lived in dugouts and cabins. In some cases, the miners refused to move from the dugouts to comfortable premises. During the 1860-80-ies miners did not put forward demands for improvement of living conditions during protests. These facts give the basis to claim that the bulk of miners differed unpretentiousness in the housing and household sphere, readiness to put up with household disorder. Among some of the miners, this homely simplicity was due to the fact that they worked seasonally and looked at their home in the mines as temporary. At the same time, at the beginning of the post-reform period at mines of Don the full-fledged houses constructed by miners began to appear that testiies to emergence among them a layer of workers with higher household needs and living standards. Also, some miners, hunters earned in the mines money to build brick or stone houses in their native villages. During the 1890s, most of the Don miners (about 90%) were relocated from dugouts to large stone barracks and houses from the enterprise. However, it should be noted that the resettlement of 90% of miners from dugouts to barracks and family houses was solely on the initiative of enterprises, which also conirms their everyday unpretentiousness.

Against the background of post-war economic difficulties in the German Democratic Republic, the article reveals the growth of socio-political tension in East German society during the so-called Berlin crisis, culminating in the strengthening of the sectoral border in Berlin. The author explains the decision to build the Berlin Wfoll not only by the deep contradictions in the German-German relations, aggravated after the formation of the two German states, but also by the tightening of the cold ideological confrontation between the Vest and the East. Former allies in the anti-Hitler coalition, primarily the United States and the USSR, who divided Europe into zones of influence, sought not only to strengthen their positions in the states controlled by them, but also, using political and diplomatic mechanisms, to create bridgeheads for future battles on the fronts of the Cold War. Because of this, they could not make a compromise decision to stabilize the situation in East Berlin and determine the status of the western part of the city, and the GDR authorities quickly took advantage of the disagreements in the camp of the former allies to radically solve the problem of the flight of East Germans across the sectoral border to the Vest through the construction of a concrete wall around the West Berlin

The article concerns the phenomena of the military Caucasus studies in the Russian empire foundation. The author shows the role of the Military Ministry initiated the commencement of military statistical descriptions of the Caspian littoral together with the correlation of this activity with performing of such military-statistical descriptions of other sea possessions of Russia. All conclusions are based on two resulting documents that came into life as the result of the military-statistic activity: the description of the Caspian Sea of the captains Rydalev and Bazanovsky. They have never been used as a primary source. The article headlines the idea that the core of the data the military Stuff was interested in collecting shows us the issues Russian Empire was interested to gain. The Notes of Russian captains either show how the interests were shifted according to the extension of Russian control on the Caspian Sea. The article focuses on the idea that being interested in making the safe navigation by the extending Russian sector of the sea and gathering technical information on its coastal line, the naval officers inevitably turned to the idea of having a stance on people who lived on the shores - on their cultural, ethnical and sometimes political features. Finally, the author concludes that gathering military statistic data was very special in the Russian Empire. All the descriptions were not intended on the knowledge of the remote Imperial regions popularisation among Russian laymen but were written by the militaries concerned on supporting other militaries with the strategical information. That is why all the notes kept in military vaults were utter unknown to the Russian publics.

The article analyzes the issues of the size, composition and structure of the Kabardino-Balkaria organization of the CPSU, reflecting the regional version of the intra-party life of the "leading and guiding force of Soviet society" in 1985-1991. The change in these key factors clearly shows how in the context of the transformation of the Soviet social and political system 1985-1991 crisis processes within the CPSU were manifested. The author's periodization, reflecting the dynamics of these processes, is substantiated. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to study these crisis processes within the Kabardino-Balkaria organization of the CPSU, which reflected, on the one hand, the decline of its political, ideological and organizational role in the life of the republic, degree of political adaptation to the new socio-political reality formed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and, on the other hand, allow to reconstruct the events of the collapse of the regional political system. The main sources of the study were archival materials collected at the Documentation Center for the Modern History of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, which contain detailed data on the number, age, professional, national to the Republican Party. Information obtained from archival statistics is supplemented by published personal material and media information. The work highlights the events related to the emergence of new political forces and the development of social processes, which led to a negative transformation of the role and status of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It shows how the emerging national social organizations, originally established as cultural centers for the revival of language, culture and history, having received some support from society, have become a real opposition force, opposing the party and Soviet bodies of the republic.

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation of penitentiary consciousness of convicts and its negative impact on the personality. The interest to the problem, according to the authors, is preconditioned by the fact that this phenomenon is inherent only in the States of the former Soviet Union. It is here that informal relationships between convicts serving sentences of imprisonment have emerged as a speciic moral imperative. As a basis for the implementation of this kind of informal norms, the features of the hierarchical system of organization and management of the entire penitentiary society are deined. The article analyzes the system of the principles of formation of penitentiary consciousness of convicts by means of use of informal norms of behavior. Such influence is carried out depending on the status and role settings of different groups of convicts. Here, you can see a kind of competition between the requirements of the legal law, declaring the equality of all convicts before the law, and the "selectivity" of informal norms, which can, depending on the speciic situation, change the nature of in-tra-group relations. As a rule, the status-role model is used, in which the level of claims depends on the place occupied by the individual in the informal hierarchical system. The authors convincingly show that this kind of negative moral impact on the personality of the convicted person is dictated by the desire for some compensation in the system of value orientation due to signiicant differences in the life of an ordinary person and a convicted person. This kind of compensation, according to the authors, is carried out at two levels subjective - individual and collective - group. In this regard, as an indicative group, the authors identify the leading group of the penitentiary community, which acts as a subject determining the degree of criminalization of relations in the penitentiary society. The main means, according to the author, is aggressive-violent installation of such social formations. The degree of contradiction between them is due to a certain kind of stereotype of behavior, which is based on the rigid contradictions between a free society and persons in isolation from it. This category of convicts is at the "top level" of the informal hierarchy, which gives it the opportunity to have a signiicant impact on the entire system of relations in the penitentiary society.

The historical aspect of the study of the problems of settlement of collective labor disputes in Russia deserves closer attention, including through the prism of modern problems of legal regulation of relations in the field of labor. Historical analysis of legal norms focuses the legislator on the development of an effective mechanism of adequate reflection of the laws of labor relations. Identification of specific objective and subjective conditions of collective labor disputes focuses on the elimination of their negative consequences and is relevant to this day. The article is devoted to the legal analysis of the prerev-olutionary period of formation of mechanisms of peaceful settlement of collective labor conflicts in Stavropol province. Against the background of the lack of legal regulation of the Russian factory legislation it examinesthe applied in practice measures to resolve disputes between employers and employees on the materials of the state regional archive of the Stavropol territory. The author analyzes for the irst time the order of collective labor conlicts resolution, the bodies established in the province on the principle of equal participation of the disputing parties, the role of the labor movement, trade unions for their labor rights. The author emphasizes the importance of collective labor agreements as the foundation of local regulation of collective labor disputes.

The presented paper covers the analysis of a study of the concept and the matter of "legal pluralism", an examination of approaches (both domestic and foreign authors) to the role of legal pluralism and its signiicance for various states and modern legal systems. It is noted that despite numerous studies in the ield of legal pluralism, currently there is not a uniied approach to the deinition of this institution as well as a consensus on the name of the phenomenon under consideration. In this study, legal pluralism is considered not only from the point of legal theory but also from the position of legal history, which, undoubtedly, can enrich any scholar paper. In the legal doctrine, the examined conception appeared relatively recently, only about 50 years ago. It was the logical result of the collapse of the colonial system and the emergence of the need for newly independent states to ensure the coexistence of historically established customary laws with colonial law distributed by metropoles. Arguments are given regarding the change in the concept of legal pluralism over time. The article highlights the most topical issues concerning the legal pluralism, such as features of sources of law in states with the presence of legal pluralism, historical background to the evolution of legal pluralism and several other issues. Arguments are given regarding the positive and negative experience of legal pluralism in various countries of the world. The role of legal pluralism in resolving legal conlicts and restorative justice is also considered. The conclusion is drawn on the need to subsequent study the concept of legal pluralism and study the impact of this institution on the legal systems of states. The scientiic originality of the research lies in the analysis of foreign scientific literature on legal pluralism, as well as in the identiication of positive and negative factors of legal pluralism in modern conditions of development of various states' legal systems.

The article discusses the main issues of holding referen-dums in particular European Union member-states in relation to issues related to the functioning and development of the EU. The author gives a description of the current importance of the institute of the referendum in connection with ongoing processes of regional integration and the participation of states in them on the basis of delegation of sovereign powers. Membership in the European Union, as an international organization sui generis, provides for the states' transfer of part of their key sovereign powers to EU institutions and bodies. This institution is inextricably connected with the concept of «sovereignty», namely with the concept of «pop-ular sovereignty)), which implies the participation of citizens in the execution of functions of the state, including with regard to participation in interstate entities. An expression of this, among other things, is the institution of a referendum. Many member-states of the European Union use referenda to resolve issues related to European regional integration processes. The author of the paper identiies three catego- ries of referenda related to EU membership. Firstly, these are referenda regarding accession to the European Union. The second category includes referenda regarding the approval of international treaties of the Union, which amend the EU constituent treaties. The third category includes referenda on secession from the European Union. Exit referenda held in the UK in 1975 and 2016 fall into this category. If a negative result was obtained at the irst, the second referendum became the reason for initiating the process of Great Britain's exit from the European Union - Brexit. In general, referenda as a priority form of direct democracy continue their genesis at a qualitatively new level: the circle of countries practicing referenda is expanding with the goal of making socially significant decisions; the range of issues submitted to a popular vote is increasing, and the referenda held in individual states are acquiring not only national but also international signiicance, which is conirmed by the practice of the European Union.

The relevance of this article has theoretical and practical prerequisites. Theoretical developments in the registration of legal relations with the participation of non-proit organizations, acquiring the status of a foreign agent, due to the fact that the scientiic literature on administrative law currently does not contain an analysis of the features of procedures of state registration of these subjects and the resulting differences in their administrative legal personality from the legal personality of non-proit organizations not having the status of a foreign agent. The practical signiicance of the research questions of the variety registration of the relationship is determined by the fact that the optimal organization depends on the further development of civil society, since, on the one hand, the existence of such organizations is an indicator of the development of democracy in the state, but the objectives of foreign agents can be intended to the injury of the Russian Federation. Of great impor- tance to enforce the law in the activities of non-commercial organizations performing functions of a foreign agent, has organizational and managerial activities of the state, which is associated with the implementation of Executive power, and inds expression in various legal and administrative means, including applied at different stages of the functioning of non-proit organizations state registration as a foreign agent, this ensures transparency of their financing and political activities and reduces the risk of harm to the interests of the Russian Federation. This article deines the place of state registration in the structure of administrative and legal regulation of non-profit organizations that perform the functions of a foreign agent. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that on the basis of the analysis of the legislation on non-profit organizations and the practice of its application for the irst time the features of legal regulation affecting the state registration of non-proit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent, and showing the specifics of their administrative legal personality, which can contribute to further research in this area.

The relevance of this article is connected with its theoretical and practical signiicance. The theoretical value of the study of peculiarities of administrative-legal regimes is due to the fact this category is one of the key administrative law, however, the literature is dominated by the traditional approach to these regimes, not taking into account modern trends of development of legislation and binding administrative-legal regime of system restrictions for citizens and organizations to ensure security. The practical value of the analysis of the characteristic features of administrative-legal regimes is because of their thorough scientiic study depends on the further development of administrative law, since the development of a systematic approach to these regimes, taking into account the need not only security, but sustainable economic development of the state, can contribute to the implementation of later regulatory amendments to the laws on special legal regimes of economic activity. A certain transformation of the system of subjects of public administration, which includes not only the Executive authorities of the Federal and regional levels, but also other subjects-state corporations, management companies, Supervisory and expert councils, is of great importance for ensuring administrative and legal regimes, this ensures the eficiency of public administration. This article identiies the most characteristic features of administrative and legal regimes, taking into account the development of legislation of the last two decades, in which, along with traditional regimes, other regimes providing innovative development were regulated. Scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that, on the basis of the analysis of theoretical approaches to legal and administrative regimes and administrative law are allocated and in detail described their differences from other legal regimes, supplemented by existing perceptions of them, rethought the idea of the modes solely on the system of prohibitions and restrictions, proposed the idea of the possibility of establishing regimes on the administrative and contractual basis that can facilitate further research in this area.

Changes made to the legislation establishing the legal regime of specially protected areas in 2013resulted in the exclusion of resorts and health-improving areas from their content. The norms of the Land code of the Russian Federation and related legislation were also amended, resulting in a number of theoretical and applied problems. To date, the land of the resorts referred to the lands of specially protected areas on Art. 94 of the Land code of the Russian Federation, containing the closed list of lands of especially protected territories, resorts and health-improving areas are not mentioned. Serious discrepancies are found both at the comparative analysis of the Land code of the Russian Federation and FL of 13.07.2015 N 218-FL (edition of 25.12.2018) "On state registration of real estate", and also the town-planning code regarding establishment of borders of zones of the district of sanitary (mounting and sanitary) protection. The basic source of legal regulation of the regime of health-improving areas and resorts is the Federal law of 23.02.1995 №26-FL (ed. of 28.12.2013) "On natural healing resources, health-improving areas and resorts", howev- er, it does not fully meet the real needs in the regulation of relations of the health-resort complex because of its fragmentation and incompleteness. A signiicant adjustment of the resort legislation is required, which makes the topic of the study relevant. The article provides a detailed analysis of the elements of the legal regime of resort lands, including the analysis of the legal regime of the district of sanitary (mounting and sanitary) protection of resorts. Along with the study of the current legislation, the article describes the changes that are planned to be made to the normative legal acts regulating the land and legal sphere of resort relations and concludes that the novelties, if adopted, will lead to unjustiied liberalization of the existing legal regime of land areas of the district of sanitary (mounting and sanitary) protection of resorts. According to the results of the study, the conclusions with novelty concerning the improvement of the legal regime of land resorts are formulated.

The authors underline that the decisions of international criminal tribunals in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia are valid for the domestic criminal law system. This is especially important; since it is in them that an official explanation of the essence of war crimes and crimes against humanity is given. However, in decisions of international ad hoc tribunals, acts that were similar in objective and subjective terms (murder, torture, acts of sexual violence and others) were qualified in some cases as war crimes, and in others as crimes against humanity. In accordance with applicable convention norms, the commission of acts of violence against prisoners of war and persons equated with them, as well as against prisoners during internal armed conflicts, should be regarded as a war crime. Therefore, the main problem in qualifying an offense as a crime against humanity or a war crime arises only if the victims are civilians. Based on the requirements of international criminal law and the decisions of international ad hoc tribunals, if a criminal act (when all «conventional» and «contextual» conditions are established) was committed against representatives of the civilian population during an armed conflict of international or non-international character or in direct connection with such conlict, it must be qualiied as a war crime. In accordance with conventional norms and general norms of international law, in order to qualify an offense as a crime against humanity, the context of «widespread» and/ or «systematic» attacks on the civilian population must be established. The position of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia that the attack on the civilian population does not have to be both large-scale and systematic is fundamentally important. This act can be qualiied as a crime against humanity if it meets at least one of these «contextual» conditions. In the decisions of the international ad hoc tribunals, one more principle has been developed for qualifying crimes against humanity: the involvement of the state in committing crimes against humanity (in the form of implementing a «plan» or «policy») is not a mandatory feature.

The article studies the main objective elements of crimes in the sphere of cyber technologies. The article discusses in details the term «computer information)). In that context the author remarks that the note to Article 272 of Russian Criminal Code does not correspond to the well-established practice in the sphere of cyber technologies. It shall be noted that it is possible to transfer information in other ways, the list provided by the Code is not complete. The article says that most of the crimes from Chapter 28 of Russian Criminal Code are committed with the usage of cyber technologies. At the same time computer information is only a part of cyber technologies. Accordingly, the author proposes updated version of understanding of term «computer information». In addition, the article points out at the necessity of institution of separate Section in the Criminal Code devoted to crimes in the sphere of computer information. The generic object of crime will be deined as relations in the sphere of cyber technologies. Innovations of this kind would correspond to requirements of the present day. In the context of Article 273 of the Code it is emphasized that there is no proper legal definition of the term «harmful computer programme». The article proposes to standardize that term. The article pays attention to the high danger of crimes in the sphere of cyber technologies as to the fact of recent introduction of the Law and the term «critical informational infrastructure of the Russian Federation» and introduction of new Article 274.1 to the Criminal Code. As the result of analysis of elements of crimes in the sphere of cyber technologies and recent legal updates it is crucial to criminalize a number of actions. Among them unlawful acquaintance with computer information and unlawful inluence upon computer environment and information. Also close attention shall be paid to such constituent element of a crime as heavy consequences. Law enforcement oficials should take into account the increased degree of public danger of crimes in the sphere of cyber technologies when they impose punishment.

At the present stage of development of new technologies, much attention has recently been paid to artificial intelligence. The article is devoted to artificial intelligence and robotization. Artificial intelligence refers to the technology of creating computer programs, while such programs work as learning systems, accumulate experience, collect information, know how to analyze and make assessments, and apply accumulated knowledge in everyday life. It is concluded that all over the world there is no single legislative act in the ield of artiicial intelligence and the use of robots. Many experts propose changes to existing laws governing speciic areas related to artiicial intelligence. It was noted that of great importance for the development of digital technologies and artiicial intelligence in the inancial ield, as one of the important areas of the digital economy is the improvement of inancial services, information security, protection of personal data, etc. In accordance with the new capabilities of artiicial intelligence, it is important to determine artificial intelligence - this is the subject or object of legal relations. Moreover, this is a deining moment in various systems of legislation. At the present stage, the development of artiicial intelligence also occurs with the use of robots, their behavior. In this regard, the next important step is to determine the legal concepts of technologies used in the process of artiicial intelligence, and is there a need to separate robotics and robot law separately into an independent ield of research, as happens in foreign law. The article analyzes the norms of Great Britain and Estonia on the regulation of artificial intelligence and robotization. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that it is necessary to develop programs for the development of robotics, artiicial intelligence in important sectors of the economy and to develop a common concept for the formation and development of the legal regulation of artiicial intelligence, robots and robotics objects.

The article provides an analysis of the concept of «ag-ricultural producer», enshrined in a number of regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, such as: the Federal Law «On the Development of Agriculture», the Federal Law «On Agricultural Cooperation», the Federal Law «On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)», Federal Law «On the inancial recovery of agricultural producers», Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The author singles out both general legislative criteria defining the subject of agrarian legal relations as an agricultural producer of goods, and points out differences in approaches, concludes that there is currently a terminological non-identity of legislative acts regulating this sphere, entailing negative consequences for law enforcement, and also gives the position of judicial organs regarding the concept under consideration. The author concluded that in the above-mentioned normative legal acts the lawmaker did not attempt to consol- idate the «universal» deinition, since the construction «... for the purposes of this Law» is applied, which makes them signiicant only from a practical point of view within the framework of specific legal relations. As a conclusion, based on the selected criteria that determine the legal status of the subject of agrarian legal relations, the author suggests an agricultural producer to mean an individual or organization producing, processing (with or without further purpose) marketing agricultural products, catching aquatic biological resources and (or) providing related services (performing work) on an ongoing basis to persons participating in agricultural production.

Nowadays achievements in metaphor studies let us say that the statement that the nature of metaphor is mental and figurative is axiomatic. Trying to fix the ideal, metaphor like any mental image may be denoted by means of the natural language instruments. The mediate demonstration of the ideal nature makes metaphor verbalization and the one of the mental image nondescript that is aggravated by their core similarity and absence of special figures of expressing mental images taking into consideration their crucial omni-fariosity to be verbalized. The author of the article has faced the taxonomic problem of characterization of certain emotive prose texts by E. I. Zamyatin according to the type of imagery. This proves the relevance of the scientific solution of the problem to distinguish the intensional and extension-al of concepts metaphorical image and psychic image. The literal material of Zamyatin emotive prose discourse analyzed in this article shows practical difficulty of interpreting mental images in accordance with their nature. There has been constructed a parametric succession of constituents of notions of metaphorical and mental images with the help of the methods of contextual analysis of the natural language text, of self-observation as the empiric analysis of the language material, of theoretical synthesis of speech experience with further schematization. The succession was applied to the analysis of texts by E. I. Zamyatin. The obtained theoretical tool of linguistic analysis of non-elementary language code, tested in private practice, is the scientiic novelty of this work. The data of the work may be used for the interpretation and analysis of any emotive prose piece of work and analysis of any emotive prose text as mental images are intentionally verbalized as an expressive means as often as metaphorical ones. This study complements the theoretical knowledge of metaphorology, stylistics, linguistic analysis of the text, language theory, as well as applied knowledge of these scientiic branches as scientiic disciplines of educational programs of secondary and higher schools.

The study of ethnic concepts functioning in a young country political communication a is a new direction in political linguistics. The article is devoted to revealling the cognitive features and ways of verbal representation of the eth-nospecific political concept фэзндаг/road, the significance of which is extremely new for the mountainous country of Transcaucasia - the Republic of South Ossetia. Scientiic novelty of the research undertaken is that for the irst time the South Ossetian political discourse study is carried out in the aspect of ethnospeciic conceptual component, issues of a coordinating bilingual representation of South Ossetian political communication are examined, extralinguistic factors that entail the emergence and development of ethnic political concepts, derived from universal cultural concepts are revealed, semantic and cognitive features that affect a new type of concept bilingual functioning in the South Os-setian political picture of the world is described. The authors identify the core of the concept фэндаг / road, the Transkam subconcept, which manifests the only highway connecting the country with the outside world through the Republic of North Ossetia. As research material, data of etymological and explanatory dictionaries of the Ossetian and Russian languages, the press of the Soviet period and the present, media materials, speeches of party and state leaders of the republic are used. Based on discursive, semantic-cognitive analysis, conceptual, etymological, and comparative approaches and ield modeling, the national features of фэндаг and road lexemes semantics and in the Russian and Ossetian codes of bilingual residents of the republic are analyzed. The obtained data allowed us to model the structure of the concept, which is formed by notional, igurative-perceptual, metaphorical and evaluative layers and symbolic components.

The article considers the verbalization of the concept «gospodin» means synonymous paradigm with the position of the linguocultural approach to the analysis of the concept as units of a nation's culture, the element of the collective heritage of native speakers and a fragment of the world picture. The authors proceed from the position that the content of the concept changes, expands, grows with new shades of meanings and conceptual characteristics, which is especially important for concepts that have been significantly influenced by the cultural and historical factor. The idea is substantiated that the concept «gospodin» in the Russian language picture of the world can be characterized primarily based on the semantics of language manifestations of the concept in the vocabulary of the language. The paradigmatic parameter in the analysis of the concept establishes the role and place of the lexeme - the representative of the concept in the lexical and semantic field that implements the concept in the world picture, taking into account the commonality of integral signs of synonyms. The study is based on the analysis of the data of explanatory, synonymic, etymological dictionaries, the results of the analysis of the functioning of synonyms in works of fiction and journalistic literature. The authors have identiied a model of synonymic paradigm, including synonymic series and their dominants, identiied additional units in the synonymic paradigm of the concept «gospodin», revealing the dynamics of the concept at the present stage.

The item focuses both on the functions and the pragmatics of non-usual units, which serve to explicate the ultimate concepts and ideas in texts belonging to the discourse of philosophy. There is a detailed classiication offered for non-usual units of a complex structure, depending on the degree of implementation of the newness and creatibility basic criteria in semantic components. The discourse in question is a special kind of practice that allows "quantum leaps" within the verbal representation of not the outcomes alone, yet also the process of thinking itself. It is this basic feature that might account for the integrated existence of language tools in it at various levels of the information coding system and the knowledge-related continuum, including its structural and noematic aspects. These units could be divided into neologisms, both individual and semantic and lexical, and occasional concepts and ideas that carry no content outside the closest context within the text. Their presence in the text ensures the implementation of cognitive non-usual information as well as gives the creating agent an opportunity to reflect on the associated phenomena. There is mention to be made of the hedonistic function of these units, too, which bring around, among other things, the linguistically vivid stylistic expressiveness of the text. The capacity of the philosophy language, coupled with the generally accepted functional potential, demonstrate certain philosophical text in-depth functions, which are never conventional, and are sometimes even crucial - intellectual, creationist, and appealing. They actualize not only the logical and rational components of the human mind, but also require genuine "growing into" the recipient's separation of the author's individual concept system.

The article focuses on the problem of identification and analysis of specific features of the idiostyle of Georges Simenon's memoirs "Memoires et dictees ("Memoirs and Notes") from the viewpoint of modern linguistics of the text and complex stylistic interpretation of the character of memoirs on the material of the French language. The relevance of the research is determined by the following facts: 1) great popularity of the memoir genre in literature; 2) keen interest of the modern linguistics to "borderline" genres (essays, biographies, memoirs, diaries, etc). In this regard, the analysis of the author's idiostyle and different linguistic means is very important as it lets us understand unique author's way to express his point of view. Georges Simenon is a French writer from Belgium, one of the most famous representatives of the detective genre, whose name is associated with a special trend in the detective literature - social-psychological novel. G. Simenon wrote not only "pure" detective stories, his works are also dedicated to the dramatic destiny of an individual in modern society. In 1972 G. Simenon decided to stop writing detective novels and began to publish only memoirs. The analysis of the memoirs by G. Simenon "Memoires et dictees" ("Memoirs and Notes") helped to determine his author's features, which are characterized by the use of a small number of expressive means to demonstrate imper- ceptible movements of the human soul, while outlining the character of a person. It is proved in the article that lexical, grammatical and stylistic features of the text "Memoires et dictees" ("Memoirs and Notes") determine G. Simenon's idiostyle. They are: use of numerals and dates, use of the phraseological units to describe a person's character, his manner of speaking and some local characteristics; use of simple and complex sentences, present and past tenses; use of metaphors, epithets and comparisons. All translations are by the authors of this article.

The article studies and analyzes the specificity of the lexical semantics evolution of borrowed from the Greek language alkonost nomination in the Russian linguistic picture of the world. The purpose of this article is to study through the given nomination the specificity of the mentalization of borrowed words in case of their assimilation in the Russian language as well as to show the semantic increments characteristics of the lexeme alkonost in the relevant contexts of existence. The study offers relevant componential and contextual analysis of the seme component expressions in Russian linguistic culture. The author provides a fundamentally new speciication of the basic directions of semantics development of borrowed nominations related to the lexico-seman-tic group "fantastic birds" in Russian. The article concludes that the initial meaning of alkonost nomination 'mythological woman-bird' during the mentaliza-tion process in the Russian linguoculture was developed in two directions at the same time - 'fantastic bird-woman' ('Russian fantastic bird of paradise') and 'real sea bird'. The author noted that the meaning 'fantastic bird-woman' is characterized by the keeping of the mythological anthropo-centrism manifestations. Based on the contexts of existence of lexeme alkonost which were obtained using the sampling method through the National Corps of the Russian language, author found that metonymization (5 versions) is more common than metaphorization (1 version) for the explored nomination in the Russian language. The study also discovered an example of homonymy - proper name Alkonost² with the meaning 'device name'. The research materials were obtained during the work with different types of Russian dictionaries (encyclopedic, mythological, ethnolinguistic, etymological, historical, explanatory ones, dictionaries of foreign words) and the National Corps of the Russian language. Based on these materials, it was found that the semantics of alkonost nomination were influenced by hamayun, sirin and irebird nominations.

The article analyzes the verb compatibility of the word death in the ordinary sense 'living being, character'. Verbal combinations of the lexeme are systematized in accordance with the semantic classiication of verbs proposed by G. A. Zolotova, N. K. Onipenko, M. Yu. Sidorova. A comprehensive description of the lexical compatibility of the word D. allows us to identify and describe common meanings not codified in the explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language, but enshrined in the national Russian language picture of the world. In the works of modern Russian linguists, the everyday meanings of the D. lexeme described only partially, most often researchers attribute these meanings to metaphorical names and describe them based on contexts selected from iction. Therefore, at present, it seems relevant research on the study of the everyday meaning 'living being, character' based on a wide range of material (oral, journalistic and literary texts). The analysis of this value allows us to analyze the Russian lan- guage picture of the world, to study one of its most important components - the phenomenon of death. This article attempts to conduct such a study. The scientiic novelty of the work is determined by the fact that as a result of the analysis of the meaning 'living creature, character', a classiication of verbal combinations of the lexeme D.; essential signs of the death phenomenon were identiied for the native speaker of the Russian language; on the basis of these signs, the image of death enshrined in the Russian language picture of the world is described. The study can serve as the basis for the lexicographic description of the D. lexeme in the studied meaning in the explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language, as well as for the description of the word in dictionaries of lexical compatibility.