Introduction. The historiography of social transformations in the 1990s and early 2000^s in Russia should be divided into several stages. The result of each is the transition from active criticism and analysis of the impact of reforms on the social sphere of society to attempts to study methods and directions for changing social policy at federal and regional levels.

   The relevance of the problem is based on the lack of a comprehensive study of social transformations in the Southern Urals, which is the purpose of the study.

   Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods were used, as well as the principles of objectivity, consistency and historicism were applied, allowing to reveal the problem in its logical factual sequence, based on documentary sources. The archival funds of the Southern Urals region and the Federal Archives were involved (archival department of the administration of Chelyabinsk (F. 2 – Administration of the city of Chelyabinsk), State Archive of the Russian Federation (F. 10026 - Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR), State Archive of the Orenburg Region (F. 1014 – Orenburg Regional Council of People’s Deputies), United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region (F. R-2740 – Chelyabinsk Regional Council of People’s Deputies), Russian State archive of socio-political history (F. 661 – Democratic Party of Russia; F. 664 – Agrarian Party of Russia), Central State Historical Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan (F. 1684 – Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Republic of Bashkortostan; F. R-169 – Ministry of Social protection of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan), Documentation Center of the Modern History of the Orenburg Region (F. 371 – Orenburg Regional Committee of the CPSU; F. 8016 – Orenburg Regional Committee of the Trade Union of Workers of Power Plants and the Electrical Industry; F. 8038 – Orenburg Regional Council of Trade Unions). In addition, programs and projects of social transformations in the region were analyzed.

   Analysis. The article analyzes the main trends in social policy changes in connection with the transition to market economy. The dynamics is considered on the example of the regions in the Southern Urals (Orenburg, Chelyabinsk regions and Bashkiria). The reasons for the transition from universal to targeted social assistance are revealed. By the example of demographic changes (births and deaths ratio), decrease in industrial production, lowering standard of living at the beginning of market reforms, the range of measures taken at the regional and federal levels to relieve social tension in society is determined: opening funds, creating a social assistance service, training personnel.

   Results. The article draws conclusions about the main reason for the failure of many social transformations – the lack of financial support for the new social policy. In the conditions of the growing economic crisis and the increase in the number of the population below the poverty line, the attempt of the state to delegate the decision on financing and providing selective social support to the regions did not entail effective results. An attempt to switch to targeted assistance and the creation of regional funds for social support of the population made it possible to somewhat reduce social tension in the country. It did not solve all social problems of society, creating a dichotomy of the problem: a constant increase in the number of poor people and a simultaneous reduction or unstable financing of social policy.

   Introduction. The complex processes taking place in the European Union after Brexit and COVID-19 as well as the outbreak of conflict in Ukraine in 2022 have once again drawn the attention of the academic community and the public to the development problems of Central and Eastern Europe. One of these problems is the migration process taking place in the region and their economic, cultural and political consequences. The V. Orban government pursues a cautious policy of accepting Ukrainian refugees. Such actions are both politically and economically motivated.

   Materials and Methods. In the process of working on the topic, the author used the publications of Russian and foreign researchers on the Hungarian emigration, as well as historical sources, including statistical materials, documents reflecting the life of the Hungarian community in the UK and journalism. When working on the topic, the theoretical and methodological developments of migrationology in Russia and foreign countries were used.

   Analysis. The article raises the issue of emigration of Hungarians after the 2008 economic crisis to Great Britain, which, unlike other European Union countries, including Germany and France, pursued a liberal migration policy. The article points out that the economic recovery of the late 1990^s and early 21st century slowed down emigration of Hungarians to the EU states. Therefore, it was classified as “belated migration”. The article stresses that the main reason for the emigration of Hungarians to the UK and other European Union states has been the increase in unemployment in the country since 2008 and the falling purchasing power of Hungarians at home. The coming to power of Orban’s government did not contribute to Hungarian emigration, except for a group of liberal intellectuals. The author analyses the gender, educational and regional specifics of Hungarian emigration to the UK. The article pays special attention to the peculiarities of the life of the Hungarian community in the UK, its desire to maintain contacts with the homeland and its national identity. In the conclusion of the article, the author examines the migration policy of the V. Orban government aimed at returning emigrants to the country and reducing potential emigration among Hungarians.

   Results. The author concludes that the actions of the Orban government did not find support among most Hungarians living in Great Britain. Part of the emigrants returned to their home country concerned about Brexit and influenced by the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. Most Hungarians are happy with their life in the UK and do not consider returning to Hungary.

   Introduction. The need to ensure technological sovereignty, which is critically important in the complicated geopolitical situation, actualizes the study of the Soviet experience of industrial and scientific and technical policy.

   Materials and Methods. The acuteness of the discussions and the possibility of analyzing currently declassified documents makes it possible to bring certainty to the assessment of the effectiveness of the economic course chosen by the Soviet government in the 1950^s. The theory of modernization was the basis for the study. Analysis. On the basis of archival documents, it is proved that in the post-war period, the USSR lagged significantly technologically behind the leading Western countries, and the problem of a low percentage of implementations at heavy engineering enterprises remained acute. In this situation, the leading scientists of the Academy of Sciences, based on their comparative analysis of the technological development of the USA and the USSR, proposed a very promising plan for the technical re-equipment of Soviet industry, in which the main attention was paid to the automation of production. A necessary condition for academics was the reorganization of the industry that produces automation and telemechanics equipment, and the structures that manage it. They proposed to create a Ministry of Automation and Industrial Instrumentation. It was planned to create automatic plants and telemechanized complexes in various industries over the next few years, update a number of research projects and provide mass training of specialists.

   Results. Based on the conducted research, the conclusion is formulated that during the period under study, a powerful scientific and technical complex was created in the USSR, which was provided with highly qualified personnel. The studied documents do not allow us to agree with the authors’ conclusions about the beginning of the crisis, a significant slowdown in the 1950^s, since the pace of technical re-equipment was still relatively high. After the most difficult and bloody war, it was possible to concentrate resources on priority areas, thanks to which it was possible to re-equip a number of leading industries. However, the pace of introduction of remote control and telemechanization of production was still insufficient. Automation in a significant part of industries covered single processes.

   Introduction. The purpose of the article is to analyse the perception of the problems of the history of the status of the Macedonian Orthodox Church in the politics of memory of modern Greece.

   Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of texts that form the perception of the Macedonian church problem in the politics of memory in Greece.

   Analysis. The article analyses the perception of the Macedonian ecclesiastical problems in modern Greek memorial culture. The article also shows that the politics of memory forming the perception of the history of the Macedonian Church in modern Greek society simultaneously depends on the development of civic and ethnic nationalism, burdened by ties with the
Orthodox Church. It is assumed that the mass media and political elites of modern Greece, as the main agents of historical politics, use the problems of the history of the Church in the territory of Macedonia to consolidate their own national identity and conduct a policy of memory aimed at promoting the narrative of territorial unity and the exclusively Greek character of the territory of Macedonia in modern Greece.

   Results. The results of the study suggest that the memorial culture of modern Greek society in contexts of the perception of the history of the Church on the territory of Macedonia is distinguished by a nationalistic character, and the perception of church history in the collective memory of Greece develops in contexts of moderate memorial contradictions with Macedonia. It is shown that the transformation of the viewpoint of the Greek memorial culture emerged as the result of consultations with the Macedonian elites and an agreement to change the name of the modern Macedonian state. It is assumed that the policy of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the settlement of the formal status of the Macedonian Church significantly reduced the level of the memorial confrontation between Skopje and Athens.

   Introduction. From 1885 to 1896 the Criminal Cassation Department of the Senate was headed by Chief Prosecutor A. F. Koni. The work is devoted to the role of Anatoly Fedorovich Koni in changing the system of judicial administration of the Russian Empire at the end of the 19^th century.

   The relevance of the work lies in the fact that many of the ideas of the pre-revolutionary prosecutor are important in our time.

   Separate proposals for the best organization of the court developed by Koni were used in Soviet times and later, up to the present day.

   The purpose of the study is to establish the main aspects of the managerial activity of a young prosecutor.

   To do this, we determine the main directions of work of the officials of the Ministry of Justice in the highest court of the empire.

   Materials and Methods. During the study, we used the problem-chronological method. It is based on sources previously not included in scientific circulation.

   This determines the scientific novelty of the work.

   Analysis. As a result of the study, applying the method and using a wide range of sources, we found that the administrative work of A. F. Koni consisted in the development of local regulations that improve the quality of work of subordinate officials. It also consisted in asserting the authority of the judicial and prosecutorial authorities, which the famous lawyer successfully achieved, in regular supervisory inspections of ward institutions (prisons, etc.), a general restructuring of office work part of the justice authorities, the execution of higher orders and other powers.

   Results. It can be concluded that the active young implementer of the judicial reform of 1864 reached the top of the prosecutor’s career, quickly overcoming the administrative steps. No failures (the case of Vera Zasulich, etc.) stopped his progress. His popularity exceeded his formal official position. Koni took an active part in the development of dozens of normative acts of the empire, acquired numerous connections among the higher elite and proved to be a good leader.

   Introduction. The conflict in the Iberian Peninsula of 1808-1814, which was a part of the Napoleonic Wars, contributed to the intensification of cross-cultural contacts between British combatants and the civilian population of Spain. Salamanca became one of the places for such interaction between the soldiers of the Wellington army and the Spaniards. The focus of the
article is the reconstruction of the image of Salamanca and its inhabitants in the texts of the British participants in the hostilities on the Iberian Peninsula in 1808–1812.

   Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of letters, diaries and memoirs of British combatants using the imagological method, which makes it possible to refer to the features of the functioning and interpretation of British ideas about Spain, Salamanca, and the inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula.

   Analysis. As a result of the study, it was possible to establish that sources of personal origin created by the British soldiers testify to the coexistence of several images of Salamanca. Firstly, we can stress the romanticized image of the university city that became the scene of the action of the novel Gil Blas. The notion of Salamanca as the city of Gil Blas is a persistent cliche found in the texts of British officers. Secondly, in British narratives about Salamanca attention is often focused on the positive qualities of the townspeople who are friendly towards the British and grateful soldiers of the Wellington army for liberating the city from the French. Results. Based on the study we can conclude that several British images of Spain in general and Salamanca in particular function. These images are situational and directly depend on the nature of the relationship established between the British and local residents as well as the behavior of the French army in the occupied territory.

   Introduction. For many centuries, the Caucasus has acted as a bridge, through which there was an intensive exchange not only of economic achievements, but also of the ideology of the highly developed regions of the Mediterranean, Minor and Central Asia.

   Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of interdisciplinary approaches and generally accepted historical methods. For the first time in Russian and foreign historiography, a study was conducted based on the analysis of ancient and medieval Greco-Roman, Armenian, Albanian, Georgian and Derbent authors, materials of Persian epigraphy and data from archaeological excavations conducted by the author in Derbent in 1970–1995.

   Analysis. In the III–V centuries AD, the Caucasus became the scene of a fierce confrontation between Rome and Sasanian Iran for the possession of this very important geopolitical region, in the history of which the Caucasian passages played a special role, and the most important of them was Derbent. By the 5^th century A. D., the local elite and the population of Armenia, Caucasian Albania, and Georgia were already largely Christianized and oriented towards Christian Byzantium. The attempts of the Sassanids to plant Zoroastrianism here, which was the state religion of Iran, led to a number of major anti-Iranian uprisings of the peoples of the Caucasus against the «teachings of magicians», the success of which largely depended on the orientation of the Derbent rulers who controlled the Derbent Passage – the main «Gate» of the Caucasus. The Christian rulers of Armenia, Caucasian Albania, and Georgia, who led anti-Iranian uprisings in the Caucasus in the second half of the fifth century A. D., managed to extend their power to Derbent and attracted nomadic tribes of Southeastern Europe and North Caucasian highlanders to fight the Persians. The anti-Sasanian demonstrations in the Caucasus, under the banner of the struggle against Zoroastrianism, were most closely connected with Derbent.

   Results. Derbent in the VI century turned not only into a powerful fortification complex, but also into a developed early medieval city with a multi-ethnic population, mainly professing Christianity, while representatives of the Persian nobility, garrison and administration were Zoroastrians.

   Introduction. The relevance of the problem considered in the article is connected with the need for creative use of the experience of economic activity of consumer cooperation.

   The novelty of the research is connected with the study of the problem that has not received proper coverage in the historical literature.

   The purpose of the study is to analyze the procurement activities of consumer cooperatives of the Krasnodar Territory during the Great Patriotic War.

   Materials and methods. The research is based on the principles of objectivity, historicism and a systematic approach. The following special historical methods were used in the preparation of the study: historical-genetic, historical-comparative and statistical.

   Analysis. During the Great Patriotic War, the importance of procurement activities of consumer cooperatives has significantly increased. In particular, the procurement of agricultural products and raw materials played an important role in the conditions of the restoration of the economy of the Krasnodar Territory in 1943–1945. Despite the objective difficulties, the Kuban consumer cooperation has been increasing the volume of agricultural products and raw materials every month. Metal billets were of primary importance as it was one of the areas of assistance to the front. The main factors in the development of procurement work were the increase in the level of procurement organization by the leadership of the district consumer unions and the procurement office, as well as the hard work of employees. At the same time, during the procurement, such shortcomings as the limited availability of goods allocated for exchange, the lack of the necessary amount of containers, the irresponsible attitude of a number of leaders of consumer societies and theft of material values were revealed. At the end of the war, certain successes were achieved in the fight against these negative phenomena.

   Results. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the procurement activity of consumer cooperatives played an important role in the conditions of economic recovery of the Krasnodar Territory.

   Introduction. The article examines the features of the abrek movement in the North Caucasus in the second half of the 19^th century, which is interpreted as one of the forms of social protest. The author casts doubt on the scientific perspective of attempts to determine  the beginning of the abrek practice in the region. At the same time, the hypothesis about its origin and connection with the custom of blood feud is supported.

   Materials and Methods. The author shows how the ideology of abrechestvo changed depending on the socio-political and economic situation in the North Caucasian region, and emphasizes the ambiguity of the perception by the local population of people who took the path of robbery. The study is based on the analysis of texts by domestic and foreign Caucasian scholars and materials obtained from the archival funds of the Central State Archive of the North Ossetia-Alania. Retrospective, illustrative and personal biographical methods were used as methods of historical and political research.

   Analysis. The author of the article draws attention to the ambiguous perception of the phenomenon of abrechestvo and the attitude towards it by various social strata of the population of the North Caucasus, as well as the discord in its assessment by Caucasian scholars who occupied various socio-political positions. In the eyes of the poor, the doomed were defenders of justice, while for the official authorities and local elites they were bandits and criminals. Abreks are assessed by Russian revolutionaries (E. Eshba, A. Sheripov), who shared the ideals of Marxist teaching and defined abreks as fighters against oppression and defenders of the social lower classes of society. The author also examines the image of the «noble robber» in folklore, where the abrek is endowed with the most revered traits by the general public - generosity, courage, selflessness. However, for the most part, real abreks did not always correspond to the qualities that were attributed to them. Often, the arbitrariness of the robbers forced people to get rid of them, including helping the official authorities track down and eliminate abreks.

   Results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that as a result of a fundamental change in the socio-political, economic and cultural paradigm in the North Caucasus, there are noticeable transformations in the practiced protest forms used by the population defending their right to identity. In the historical period under review, the abreks acted as defenders of «traditional values», sought to prevent the introduction of elements of capitalist modernization into everyday life, a certain part of the mountain society, the least prepared to accept the changes that were taking place.

   Introduction. The development of banks in the Ottoman Empire is a complex topic in domestic and foreign historiography. Eastern societies, especially Muslim ones, have long had a negative attitude towards banking activities, considering it an offspring of an alien Western culture, using the services of traditional structures. In this article, the author endeavours to show the development of banks in the country from the 1820^s – 1830^s to the First World War. The article highlights the important role of the Galata banking houses owned by Greeks, Armenians and Jews in establishing the credit and financial system in the Ottoman Empire. They served the interests of the Porte and financed foreign economic transactions.

   Materials and Methods. The work has an interdisciplinary character, since it is carried out at the intersection of history, history of economics, economics, and statistics. Classical methods of historical science were used.

   Analysis. In the middle of the 19^th century, the banking houses of Galata found themselves in a difficult situation, especially in the context of galloping inflation. The Ottoman Empire needed modern banks with considerable resources. This article stresses that only foreign banks could successfully carry out this task and highlights a number of stages in the development of the process. The British capital had dominated the country during the 1860-70^s while the French and German banking capital started to gain access to the empire in the 1880^s. By World War I, more than half of the country’s banking assets belonged to French banks. The author raises a complex problem of the development of national banks in the Ottoman Empire. Most of them could not compete with foreign banks, except for the «Agricultural Bank», which was a successful example of modern bank development in a traditional society that enjoyed great confidence from the local population, who formed a new financial culture. Therefore, it willingly invested its savings in deposits.

   Results. The author concludes that despite the achievements in establishing modern banks, there was a severe shortage of bank branches and representative offices, especially in the remote parts of the empire. Consequently, a large part of the population had to turn to traditional banking houses and moneylenders, which, contrary to the law, inflated the interest rates. The Ottoman Empire needed further expansion of the presence of foreign banks and, most importantly, the establishment of large national banks capable of becoming the flagships of the modern economy in the country.

   Introduction. The article analyzes the reasons and prerequisites for the political activation of the struggle of the Shiites of Iraq for their rights under the American occupation during the reign of the Provisional Coalition Administration of Paul Bremer. The article studies the main activities of the American occupation authorities in 2003 and 2004 to «democratize» post-
Saddam Iraq in the political, economic and military spheres and their results, which led to an increase in anti-American sentiments among the Shiite population.

   Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of sources consisting of the memoirs of the American official P. Bremer and the Iraqi politician A. Allawi, which allow a comparative analysis of the goals and objectives of the American occupation administration and their implementation, from the point of view of the Shiite community in Iraq. Analysis. An important part is the analysis of the state of the Shiite community and the struggle for influence between the leading political leaders of religious Shiites who defended different ways of development of post-Saddam Iraq on the examples of the activities of Ayatollahs Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim, Abdul Majid al-Khoi and Mullah Muqtada al-Sadr.

   Results. It is concluded that the events in the spring of 2004 with the epicenter in Nejef became the highest manifestation of the intensification of the Shiite struggle for their rights in post-Saddam Iraq. The compromise reached with Muqtada al-Sadr not only brought him to the forefront of influential Iraqi politicians, but also meant the actual failure of the initial US plans to democratize Iraq according to Western patterns. With his decisive actions, Muqtada al-Sadr demonstrated the attitude of the Shiites to defend a place corresponding to their position in the future structure of Iraq, which inevitably led to an aggravation of ethno-confessional confrontation with other communities such as Sunnis and Kurds.

   Introduction. Modern consumer legislation is influenced by informatization, sanction pressure, economic and political transformations. There is a need to reform consumer legislation, to exclude ineffective norms from it. The introduction of new mechanisms for the realization of consumer rights, including the right to education, is required.

   Materials and Methods. The research is based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts, doctrinal approaches and judicial practice in the field of consumer protection.

   Analysis. The conducted analysis showed insignificant involvement of local self-government bodies, public organizations created for the purpose of consumer rights protection in the implementation of the consumer right to education. The lack of awareness of consumers about the possibility of presenting a number of requirements stipulated by the current legislation significantly narrows the possibilities of their protection.

   Results. The authors come to the conclusion that consumer legislation is expected to be fundamentally reformed, despite selective changes to which it has been subjected in recent years, up to the adoption of a codified act. It is proposed to legislate the obligation of local self-government bodies to develop and implement municipal consumer protection programs with mandatory inclusion of educational activities in them. It is also recommended to more actively involve public organizations for the protection of consumer rights and volunteers to explain to consumers the rights, the proper realization of which is possible only in the case of active behavior of consumers themselves and their presentation of relevant requirements to their counterparties. In addition, in order to strengthen the degree of protection of the modern consumer, the authors propose to amend paragraph 2 of Article 20, subparagraph 4 in paragraph 1 of Article 21 and paragraph 4 of Article 24 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Consumer Protection”.

   Introduction. The article analyzes the legal norms of Russia and Kazakhstan – the countries-members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).

   Materials and Methods. The legislation of these two EAEU countries on environmental protection and rational use of natural resources was considered within the framework of a risk-oriented approach. Special emphasis is placed on legislation on specially protected natural areas, resorts and other unique natural objects and complexes. Along with the current national law, the practice of its application is considered, as well as the current and possible rule-making in the future.

   Analysis. The article examined the current legal norms that contribute to the emergence of corruption, as well as developed practical recommendations aimed at overcoming this negative trend. The authors state attempts to lobby individual financial and economic groups for their commercial interests in the field of lawmaking, which at the current stage leads to the de-ecology of national legislation in the EAEU countries. This trend is illustrated by an example of the latest changes in legislation on specially protected natural areas in Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as active attempts to change legislation towards the liberalization of the protection regime. Similar trends in the deecologization of environmental and natural resource legal norms in the two EAEU countries are revealed.
   Results. It was concluded that the flaws in environmental policy in the post-Soviet countries entail insufficiency and inconsistency of the newly adopted norms. The authors identify such deficiencies and indicate their possible negative consequences for law enforcement. Options for solving existing and potentially possible problems in the EAEU countries are proposed, with a concurrent consideration of the possibility of receiving such solutions by other states at the stage of their economic integration within the Union.

   Introduction. The article discusses the problems of the system of strategic planning documents.

   Materials and Methods. Within the framework of this research, the author analyzed the indicated problems using formal-legal analysis, synthesis, generalization, and comparative-legal methods, which allowed developing possible ways to solve them.

   Analysis. The significance of the number of strategic acts regulated by law makes it difficult for strategic planning participants to understand the order and significance of actions performed within the framework of the planned process and the adoption of planned acts. The main goal-setting strategic document of the federal level in the field of socio-economic development has not been adopted. There is no correlation of goals and specific indicators in the planning acts of both one and different stages of planning. There are documents that are not regulated by the Law on Strategic Planning, but which, in turn, become the basis for the development of strategic documents on a downward vertical. The issues of defining uniform planning deadlines have not been settled. The absence of mechanisms for the implementation of planned acts and responsibilities has been revealed.

   Results. Based on the analysis, proposals are put forward to improve the legal regulation of strategic planning, which will allow to build an effective system of strategic documents and ensure high efficiency of planned activities.

   Introduction. In the conditions of modern international reality, when the Russian Federation needs to develop branches of the agro-industrial complex to strengthen food independence from other countries, it is necessary to focus the state’s efforts on ensuring proper organization of agricultural production, including its compliance with the necessary requirements, one of
which is the requirements for ensuring the safety of animal feed and feed additives.

   Materials and Methods. The research was facilitated by the use of general scientific methodology (system-structural, logical, cybernetic methods) and the formal legal method. The formulated proposals are based on the study of scientific literature, which considered topical issues of legal policy, the legal organization of the agro-industrial complex and control and supervisory activities, as well as analytical materials reflecting modern problems of ensuring the safety of feed and feed additives for farm animals.

   Analysis. The main areas of analysis are the problems of ensuring the safety of feed and feed additives for farm animals by identifying factors that hinder the optimization of legal regulation in the field of veterinary medicine.

   Results. The improvement of legal regulation in the field of ensuring the safety of feed and feed additives for animals is complicated by the inconsistency of the state’s position with the approaches adopted in the field of agricultural sciences to determine the content of the concepts key to ensuring the safety of the products in question. In this regard, it is advisable to correct the legislation on veterinary medicine in the relevant part, eliminating the need for registration of premixes and feed concentrates.

   Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical issues of building and functioning of the system of principles of disciplinary proceedings in cases of corruption offenses.

   Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of positions existing in science regarding the definition of the term “principle of law” and the classification of the principles of service-disciplinary proceedings, as well as the features of the normative consolidation of the principles of disciplinary proceedings in cases of corruption offenses.

   Analysis. The principles are of key importance in the organization of disciplinary proceedings in cases of corruption offenses. However, their regulation is not given enough attention in the legislation.

   Results. The set of principles of the considered administrative proceedings is specified. It is proved that this set has a systemic character. The specifics of the implementation of private principles are considered, namely the principle of the inevitability of responsibility for committing a disciplinary corruption offense and the principle of the need to establish the guilt of a civil servant. An analysis of the content of the provisions of normative acts led to the conclusion that the principle of the inevitability of responsibility is currently mostly declarative. In this regard, the author states the need to amend the legislative acts regulating the procedure for production, by establishing the mandatory application of penalties. A distinction is made between the principle of the need to establish the guilt of a civil servant and the constitutionally enshrined principle of the presumption of innocence. The necessity of introducing legislative changes aimed at fixing the need for mandatory consideration of the guilt of a civil servant when considering a case on a disciplinary corruption offense is substantiated.

   Introduction. Administrative responsibility in the field of self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers is a developing sub-institution in the general structure of administrative responsibility, being a relatively new phenomenon associated with the development of self-regulation in this area. It plays an important role in ensuring the rule of law in the activities of these organizations, contributing to the achievement of the goal of preventing the commission of new offenses in the field of insolvency (bankruptcy) and streamlining social ties in the considered segment of the economic field.

   Materials and Methods. The research is based on the application of general scientific methodology (analysis, synthesis, system-structural method, dialectical method) and formal legal method. The use of these methods made it possible to identify the shortcomings of administrative and tort legislation, formulate proposals aimed at improving it. Materials of judicial practice, normative and scientific-theoretical sources were used to conduct the study.

   Analysis. The main areas of analysis are the law enforcement practice of arbitration courts on the issues of reviewing rulings on cases of administrative offenses of self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers related to the terms of performance of their duties and the referral of candidates of arbitration managers to the court.

   Results. The positions of arbitration courts that have developed on the issues of the deadlines for the fulfillment of certain duties by self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers should become a guideline for the law enforcement officer, indicating the correct options for their calculation. The improvement of the pedagogical institute of administrative responsibility of self-regulating organizations of arbitration managers may be associated with the exclusion from the administrative-tort legislation of provisions implying an assessment by officials of executive authorities of the quality of the administration of justice in arbitration cases.

   Introduction. Today, it is impossible to imagine modern society without digital technologies. The introduction of such technologies has also affected
the sphere of law, in which digitalization has become the formative legal basis of society.

   The relevance of thisresearch topic is expressed in the need to identify the main problems of using digital technologies in the process of realizing individual rights and freedoms.

   Materials and Methods. Based on a critical analysis of the provisions of legislation and various points of view that have developed in the general theory of law and branch sciences, the problems of using digital technologies in the process of realizing individual rights and freedoms have been identified. When writing this article, such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, abstraction method and modeling were also used.

   Analysis. The author highlights such problems as possible discrimination based on digital data about citizens, voluntary use of digital technologies by citizens when interacting with the state. The problem of possible violations of human rights on the Internet when using digital services is revealed. It is indicated that the state must constantly develop technologies that prevent the violation of citizens’ rights in the digital space. The issue of digital competence, skills necessary for the use of electronic administrative services by both citizens themselves and civil servants, employees of organizations that use appropriate technologies in their activities is another problem that needs to be solved. There is a need for new educational technologies and specialties that allow you to form skills for the implementation of individual rights on the Internet. The problem of a theoretical nature is the lack of a unified approach to the definition of basic terms and concepts in the legislation. The opinion is expressed that the regulation of any public relations begins precisely with the development of a single conceptual framework. The author raises the issues of the lack of uniformity of norms in the regulation of procedures for the implementation of citizens’ rights and freedoms using digital technologies and the need to adopt the Digital Code of the Russian Federation.

   Results. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that there is a global need to regulate the legal realization process through the use of digital technologies.

   Introduction. Modern researchers describe deverbatives as «dual» names, derivatives of various lexical and derivational semantics, preserving the semantic properties of generating verbs.

   The purpose of this work is to study such verbal characteristics as taxis, i.e. the ability to actualize various taxis meanings of simultaneity and diversity of explicated actions in predicative constructions.

   Materials and Methods. The material of the study was German utterances with deverbatives obtained by directed sampling from the database of the Leipzig Corpus (LC) and the Electronic Dictionary of the German Language (DWDS). In the course of the study, a hypothetical-deductive, inductive and descriptive method was used, including methods of observation, comparison, generalization, classification and interpretation of linguistic phenomena.

   Analysis. This article deals with German deverbatives characterized by various taxis functions (potential and realized). The potential functions of deverbatives are realized in a certain taxis environment (primary taxis or secondary taxis). Various prepositions of temporal and other adverbial (modal, instrumental, medial, causal, conditional, final) semantics act as prototypical constituents of the taxis environment.

   Results. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that when used with temporal prepositions, deverbatives implement the primary-taxis functions of simultaneity or non-simultaneity, and when combined with modal, instrumental, medial, conditional, causal, and other prepositions, they implement the secondary-taxis functions of simultaneity. The constitutive composition of the taxis environment determines the «speech behavior» of deverbatives. Some German deverbatives are distinguished by dual «speech behavior», which manifests itself in the conditions of a primary-taxis or secondary-taxis environment. Genetically-multiplicative and genetically-iterative names implement multiplicative-taxis, iterative-taxis or semelfactive-taxis values. In addition, in a certain contextual environment, their iterative-taxis function may remain unrealized.

   Introduction. In the military domain, the interpreter plays a very important role, since it is the interpreter, who sometimes determines an adequate assessment of the situation, as well as awareness of the enemy’s plans. The meanings of words encountered in everyday communication may be quite different in military texts, and therefore the translator is required to be well trained in military translation.

   The relevance of this research lies in the study of the specifics of international military vocabulary.

   When translating military texts, the translator encounters internationalisms related to the names and tactical and technical characteristics of weapons and equipment. Military translation requires the utmost precision of concepts while preserving informativeness. Covering the problems of translation of internationalisms and «translator’s false friends» allow us to reveal the peculiarities of their functioning in the texts on military topics and to determine the ways of their translation.

   Materials and methods. In the work such methods were used as a component analysis to establish the semantic components of the lexical units, a comparative-comparative analysis, which involves comparing the contextual units as a result of analyzing the German and Russian language materials, the method of continuous sampling and quantitative calculations, descriptive-analytical, contextual analysis methods, which constitute a comprehensive method of text interpretation. The material of the study was an online dictionary of concepts and terms of the German armed forces, presented on the specialized German-language Internet site of the German armed forces.

   Analysis. The compositional structure of a military text is determined by its volume and genre. Military-technical texts include various kinds of instructions on types of military equipment and weapons, descriptions of new weapon models and instructions on the operation of equipment. These texts are characterized by such features as the presence of military-technical terminology of the narrow field of military affairs, the presence of pictures, drawings, diagrams, neutral tone of narration.

   Results. Military texts are a kind of official-business style of speech, characterized by the prescriptive-duty character of speech, its non-personal nature, accuracy, logic, objectivity, clarity, formality, stereotyping, concreteness, generalization, rigor, as well as a special set of clichés and terms. In the texts on military subjects’ various types of internationalisms are
widely represented: single-word names, abbreviations, nominative word combinations, term elements. The advantage of the international vocabulary is its brevity and ease of use, its translation by transliteration or transcription, in most cases also its unambiguity.

   Introduction. Attributive vocabulary often becomes the subject of research in cognitive linguistics. The study focuses on the description of the specifics of the verbalization of the hyperconcept Quality by means of epithet complexes in M. Tsvetaeva’s texts.

   The relevance of the article is due to the attempt made in it to describe the mechanisms of modeling epithet complexes in the work of M. Tsvetaeva from a cognitive-semantic position.

   Materials and Methods. Several epithet nominations of the character of the subject, which have a semantic specificity of linguistic representation in M. Tsvetaeva’s work, are taken as material. On the basis of a consistent comparison of the dictionary meanings of epithet words and their idiostyle semantic features the specificity of the representation of basic characterological epithet complexes is revealed. The epithet complexes were selected on the basis of the continuous sampling method from the complete collection of the poet’s works. The comprehensive methodology of the study, including cognitive-semantic, component methods, made it possible to reveal the specifics of the epithet paradigm of M. Tsvetaeva’s work.

   Analysis. The structure of the hyperconcept Quality determines the multilevel representation of features by epithet words. The article analyzes the most representative and frequently represented in the poet’s idiolect cognitive feature of the hyperconcept «proper quality» and one of its types - socio-communicative, characterological. Modeling of meaning within the framework of the epithet complex occurs by means of non-usual use of epithet vocabulary, changes in the compatibility properties of characteristic words and objects of epithetation, conditioned by poetic attitudes.

   Results. The authors conclude that epithet complexes of various semantic and structural types, verbalizing the characterological socio-communicative feature of the cognitive feature «proper quality» of the hyperconcept Quality, are a systemic phenomenon of paradigmatic nature, embodying the anthropomorphism of the poet’s language.