The article focuses on the role and place of the Don region in the state policy of integration of the North Caucasus autonomies and former Cossack regions in the national political-economic space in the 1920s-1930s. This problem has obvious relevance at the present stage, since the study of the historical experience of modernization of the South Russian macroregion, including the North Caucasus republics, is a guarantee of stable and progressive development of Russia in XXI century. The article addresses the issue of regionalization and administrative-territorial structure of the South of the RSFSR as the most important factor of successful modernization of the North Caucasus in the 1920s-1930s. The specified period featured the formation of model of integration of the North Caucasus macro-region. The resources of industrialized centers of the Don region served the base of the model. The centers occupied the territory of all districts of the Don and districts that were part of the North Caucasus and Azov-black sea territories, and the Rostov region. The latter was founded in 1937. The choice of the Don region as a locomotive of modernization of the North Caucasus was caused by the presence of powerful industrial base, numerous working class, the largest party organization, high level of urbanization. Special attention is paid to the role of Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Shakhty and other Don cities as major centers of modernization not only the North Caucasus autonomies, but also agricultural regions of the Don, the Kuban and Stavropol.

The article considers the activities of the Russian Administration in Abkhazia after the abolition of the principality and, in particular, on the eve of the Lychny uprising of 1866. The first chief of the Sukhumskii voennyi otdel (Sukhum Military Department), as Abkhazia came to be called, Major General P. N. Shatilov's policy in support of the Abkhazian nobility was recognized by the Caucasian Administration as incorrect, therefore he was displaced. The new chief of the Sukhum Department, V. M. Konyar, suggested that the land had to be considered the property of the State, which could dispose of it entirely at its own discretion, and asserted that no one in Abkhazia could be recognized as a landowner. Members of the Editing Commission for the peasant reform had denied the local nobility their claims to the peasants and their lands, but at the same time, they were extremely rude and arrogant to the peasants. Mistrust of the representatives of the new Administration to the Abkhazian population, including the nobility, reluctance to reckon with the peculiarities of the local way of life, arrogance and rudeness of officials became the reasons for massive public protest.

The change in priorities in the foreign policy course of Washington coincides with the presidential term of this or that president. Modern researchers talk about «presidential doctrines» that were a response to changing historical realities. The Cold War, which ended in the collapse of the Soviet system, influenced the design of the idea of global leadership of the United States, which was formulated in the Clinton Doctrine. The author made an attempt to reveal the peculiarities of the geopolitical strategy of the United States to establish control over Heartland during the formation of a new foreign policy system. The article shows the South Caucasus not so much as an arena of rivalry between Washington and Moscow, but as the region, where one tested the technologies of foreign policy cooperation with the new States that emerged in the post-Soviet space, primarily Russia, which considers the Caucasus to be the zone of its unconditional influence. In an effort to ill the strategic vacuum, the United States has used various levers of influence on Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan to weaken Russia's influence and prevent Iran and Turkey from becoming more active. It was the policy of «trial and error», which showed that the United States would not have absolute leadership here, but it was during that period when Washington managed to solve the main problem - to prevent full control of Russia over the «Eu-rope - Asia bridge».

The article is devoted to the establishment of Russian Orthodoxy in America in the late XVIII - middle XIX centuries. The desire to gain huge benefits forced many Russians to go to distant lands, including Russian America, and undertake difficult trips involving risks and danger. The official date of foundation of the Orthodox Church in North America was considered September 24, 1794, and this was due to the arrival of the Orthodox mission to the island of Kadjak under the leadership of Archimandrite Joasaph. The further Orthodox mission was connected with the activities of St. Innocent (I. E. Veniaminov), who did a great job for spiritual enlightenment of the indigenous peoples of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. The difficulties of the mission were determined by the complexities of everyday life on distant islands, and relations with Aborigines, often the cruel treatment of Russians with the indigenous population. Therefore, the author's attention is focused on complicated relationships of Russians with aborigines of Russian America in their religious and spiritual enlightenment. The sale of Alaska in 1867 to the United States changed the dominant status of the right-glorious church in Russian America, which, having not received the support of the new American authorities lost its influence on the indigenous population. Protestantism ousted Orthodoxy in Russian America, but not completely, because the Orthodox Church continues its missionary activity to this day.

The article describes the dialogue between the North-Caucasus tradition and cultural novation, penetrating the everyday life of local highlanders after joining the Russian Empire. The status and prestige of the suggested renovation artefacts played a big role in this process. The role of educational and cultural organization, which were introduced in the region by the Russian side, in the development of the common understanding and making up the peaceful and creative lift in the north-eastern part of the Caucasus is underlined. The activities of imperial intellectuals were of great importance as they contributed to the appearance of highland educators, connected local cultural traditions and cultural innovations. Their activities promoted the introduction of imperial cultural stereotypes into highland surroundings, showed perspectives for the local development.

The article studies Prussian nobility, who supported Theutonic order in its conquest of Prussia in XIII-XIV centuries. The main goal of the study is to describe the state of nobility on the ground of their composition and property. To reach the goal a list of Prussian noblemen, which was missing in historiography, was made. The list was compiled with the use of prosopographical analysis, comparative-historical and typological methods. On the ground of vast material of acts, chronicles and historical works of XIII-XVI centuries the differentiation of Prussian noblemen was made; its duties in relation to Order were determined. Following the findings it can be claimed, that Prussian nobility consisted of three groups (large, middle and small landowners), which differed by size of estates and duties (military service, taxes, building of fortification). Under the conditions of permanents militaries campaigns, the military service took the first place. Knowledge about locality and the ties with local tribes preconditioned a variety of nobility's military functions. They were involved in campaigns as advisers, guides and scouts. Noblemen also raided on neighboring lands and commanded garrisons of castles. All of that attested to their large importance for the policy of Order in Prussia. small landowners), which differed by size of estates and duties (military service, taxes, building of fortification). Under the conditions of permanents militaries campaigns, the military service took the first place. Knowledge about locality and the ties with local tribes preconditioned a variety of nobility's military functions. They were involved in campaigns as advisers, guides and scouts. Noblemen also raided on neighboring lands and commanded garrisons of castles. All of that attested to their large importance for the policy of Order in Prussia.

The article analyzes the problems of the national and state development of the mountain peoples in the conditions of the initial stage of Soviet Nazi construction in the North Caucasus in 1920-1921. This was a period of active search for effective forms of rooting of the Russian state in the region in the new political-ideological conditions of the postwar period. The Soviet government, in order to find support among the mountain peoples and bring them to their side, made a historic decision on the formation of autonomies in the North Caucasus, which resulted in the proclamation of a multinational Mountain ASSR. However, national autonomy in the form of precisely collective autonomy was not a consequence of socio-political processes in the region and national self-determination. The proclamation of the Mountain ASSR was influenced more by the inertia of the perception by the Soviet authorities of national-state al ternatives during the years of the revolution and the Civil War in 1917-1920. Having liberated the ideology and practice of the mountain statehood of this period from the most unrealistic elements, it proclaimed the Mountain ASSR. As it turned out, not all the peoples of the North Caucasus were ready to adopt a collective model of mountain autonomy. In particular, the ethno political processes in Kabarda assumed a different vector of state-political development. It was also important that the representatives of most of the peoples that were supposed to be included in the Mountain ASSR actually turned out to be on the sidelines of the process of its institutionalization. All this affected negatively the further prospects for the functioning of the mountain collective autonomy.

The article is devoted to public and charitable activities of the famous representatives of the Nakhichevan elite - the Khatranov brothers. Traditions of charity in the Khatranov family were laid by their grandfather - the city head Harutyun Pogosovich, and then their father. They donated money to repair churches and expand the cemetery. Their descendants, brothers Pavel and Ivan Khatranov, continued their good deeds. Both of them successfully combined entrepreneurial activity with charity, as well as conscientious service for the benefit of their native city. Their whole life was connected with their native city: the Khatranov brothers were born in Nakhichivan-on-Don and ended their days there. One of them - Pavel Egorovich - was a city head and a public representative of the city duma, Ivan Egorovich was a well-known benefactor. The name of Ivan Yegorovich is connected with the opening of an orphanage for Nakhichevan children. He also acted as the executor of his aunt's will, which left money for the construction of an almshouse and a cemetery church. The Khatranov brothers, according to contemporaries, were distinguished by their sensitivity, kindness, responsiveness and generosity. Both of them by their deeds left a good memory among their fellow citizens.

The article examines the development of public health services on the eve of the war in the Stavropol Territory. In the prewar period, medical workers and authorities had to face certain difficulties in organizing the health care system. The article also analyzes the outcomes on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, what exactly was done by the party and public organizations to build a clear structure in the health care system. How the issues of sanitary and epidemiological prosperity in the province were solved, what difficulties the medical workers had to face. In addition to issues related to the improvement of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the province, medical workers took part in the development and testing of new methods to treat wounded and sick warriors of the participants in the Soviet-Finnish war, which were subsequently used in the Great Patriotic War. In addition, the pre-war period was a period of active construction of the resort network of the province, which was provided with the latest equipment and tools. Combined with natural factors and competent specialists it allowed the deployment of the largest hospital base in the country during the Great Patriotic War in the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

Since the beginning of the nineteenth century Caucasian Mineral Waters developed as a special historical, cultural, therapeutic territory of Russia, where appearance, sociocultural development and design of the most important cities, was closely linked to their therapeutic functions of balneological health resorts of national and world significance. Based on Russian fortresses and Cossack villages located by the springs, the cities, especially Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk, were formed not only as spa resorts and unique health centers, but also as large objects of social and cultural purpose. Architectural and structural design of the most significant objects of cultural heritage of Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk, made in the XIX - early XX centuries by well-known architects of that time, defined the architectural and artistic image of their historic centres. The authors give a general historical overview of the formation of a special sociocultural space of the cities of the Caucasian resorts, the dependence of this process on the macrohistorical context is shown, which reflects how the face and city life changed at critical moments in Russian history.

The article throws light upon the gaps in the manifestations of collaborationism in Stavropol territory during the Great Patriotic War, when a greater part of the territory was under the German occupation. The author examines the criminal activity of the police structures and their German patrons in the town of Mineralnye Vody in 1942-1943 who carried out mass extermination of peaceful Soviet citizens. The author reveals the mechanism of the preparation by the occupation authorities of the mass extermination of the Jewish population in Autumn 1942 and the participation in it of the local collaborationists. The post-war activity of the KGB bodies to expose the crimes of the Nazi accomplices and their subsequent searches in the territory of the Soviet Union is also examined. It is emphasized, that there is no prescription for such crimes. The peculiarities of the preparation and conducting of the legal process over the case of the former policemen held in 1966 in the town of Mineralnye Vody are described in detail. The participation of the large circles of the public in the conducting of the legal procedures is analyzed, the attitude of the population to the severe verdict delivered by the Court-Martial to the former German accomplices is accentuated.

The article deals with the analysis of the key authors' views of the Herald of Europe Magazine on the Hague Peace Conference of 1899 which became an important event in the international law and favored the public peacemaking mood development. Besides, the performed analysis brings out the viewpoint of the editorial staff on the most important social and political problems discussed on Russian peace initiative. The problems, which were raised on the pages of the magazine from autumn/summer season 1898-1899, included such topics as the struggle against militarism, the everlasting peace achievement, the armament and military budget limitation, the humanitarian law codification and the arbitration formation. The paper shows a good reaction of «the Herald of Europe Magazine» toward the Russian government proposal to convene a peace conference, observes restrained optimism toward its possible results and states positive attitude to the results. The conclusion made in the article is following: the position of the magazine was dictated first of all by its liberal ideology oriented to «state pacifism» and peaceful foreign policy which is very important for implementing burning domestic reforms.

The article studies the problems of formation and functioning of the Kizlyar regiment of the Caucasian Linear Cossack army. Based on the analysis of the published source a number of facts about Tersko-Semeyny and Tersko-Kizlyar Cossack armies on the eve of formation of the Caucasian Linear Cossack army is given. The process of formation of the Family Kizlyar (Kizlyar) regiment and regimental villages with the number of male population in each is considered. The location of the regimental headquarters is specified. The problems of replenishment of the Family Kizlyar (Kizlyar) regiment, the salaries of rank and file Cossacks and officers are analyzed. The composition of Kizlyar regiment from the moment of its formation and up to disbandment of the Caucasian Linear Cossack army is investigated. Based on unpublished documents of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, participation of the Cossacks of the Kizlyar Regiment in combat operations on the left flank of the Caucasian Line is considered. It is concluded, that among the Cossack villages of the Caucasian Linear Cossack Army, the villages of the Kizlyar Regiment were the smallest in number of ordinary Cossacks in them.

The article deals with the question of the stages of the Parthian policy by Mark Antony. It is believed that he went to the Orient with the intention of making a campaign in Parthia, but the facts draw a more complex picture of the Roman-Parthian relations at that time. After his arrival in the Orient, in 42-40 BC., he carried out a series of measures connected with the strengthening of Roman authority in the provinces. Among these measures were the replacement of local rulers; the Parthians were especially alarmed by a campaign on the important trading city of Palmyra. This caused the invasion of the Parthians, who easily captured the Roman provinces; the troops of the latter were withdrawn for action in the West at that time. The struggle with Parthian invasion lasted until 38 BC. Later Anthony made an unsuccessful invasion to Parthia, seeking to establish a Roman protege on the Parthian throne and to make the kingdom dependent on Rome. He did not achieve the goal, but in 35-34 BC., having annexed Armenia and having concluded an alliance with the Media, he laid the foundations of a system that ensured the security of the Roman eastern border. A number of elements of this system inherited the Parthian policy of Augustus.

Since the end of the eighteenth century, Russia's position in the North-Western Caucasus had strengthened. And in 1829, after the Russian-Turkish war on the Adrianople Peace Treaty, the territory became a part of the Russian Empire. The Armenians of Zakubanya (Circasso-Gai) and the Caucasus line by that time played a role in establishing trade and other ties in the region. However, the political changes brought new features to their activities. In connection with the intensification of military confrontations in the region, the warring parties needed mediators able to rescue people from captivity. Mountainous Armenians actively joined in this process, receiving economic benefits. Thanks to them, a large number of Russian slaves were returned to their homeland. Another important process was the active resettlement of the Armenians on the lands controlled by Russia, where they received various benefits and advantages. Migrations of Armenians during this period were due not only to military, socio-economic, but also confessional factors. In this article, they are disclosed on the basis of sources, identified in the State Archives of the Krasnodar region.

The article is devoted to the period of reformist activity of the Dominican Girolamo Savonarola in Florence, which dates back to the early 90s of the 15th century. By this time, Brother Girolamo had already become a Millenarian type preacher, but had not yet acquired the status of a city prophet. Practical embodiment of ideas about the need to renew the Church was facilitated by the election of Savonarola the abbot of the monastery of St. Mark and the acquisition of autonomy by the convention. The prior and his supporters sought to turn San Marco into a bulwark of the truth of faith, urging the brethren to abide by a strict monastic charter. The allotment of a new congregation headed by the San Marco Observers made it possible to extend the transformations to a number of Dominican conventions of Tuscany, and in the long term - to create the basis for a broader reform. It seems obvious, that Savonarola, despite the difficulties, eventually managed to form a cohesive community of followers from the monks of the congregation who, during the religious and moral reform in Florence, became an example for the laity of cultivating the universal qualities of a "good Christian", as well as a place of attraction for the most exalted parts of the preacher-reformer's flock.

For the first time the Petersburg period of service of N. A. Ridinger (1825-1894) is studied on the basis of archive materials; he was a brilliant representative of nobility, the chief of police. N. A. Ridinger was an officer, a veteran of the Caucasian campaign of 18531854, who after the wound continued his service as a chief of police in Kaluga, Oryol, Yelets, Petersburg and rose to the rank of general-major. During his Petersburg period of service on the posts of Suburban chief of police and superintendent of Saint-Petersburg uyezd police (1867-1883) he made a contribution to police reform and also wrote an interesting essay about the workmen settlement Sestroretsk and the book about Russian folklore. The method of reckoning polyfactor approach in the research has been more and more widely used in present-day historical science in Russia. One of its components is a personality factor which affects the existing events. This fact can be fully referred to the personality of Nikolai Ridinger, who in 1867-1883 held the posts of Suburban chief of police and of superintendent of Saint-Petersburg uyezd police on the eve of forming pre-conditions for the revolutionary situation in Russia. There exists a possibility to trace the process of Saint-Petersburg police reforming and the attitude to the rising protest of the working class in the period of its formation by the example of his service. Characterizing his personal qualities it is possible to mention his humanism in relation to different sections of the population. He was sympathetic to disastrous situation of the workers. He saw the cause of the workers' poverty in the abuse of factory administration. Still he was responsible in his service, demanding to his subordinates and he could not permit the workers' strike. He chose the dialogue with the workers and he summoned the authorities to the same reaction.

The author considers the history of the study of the origin of the Nart epos. The basic scientiic concept of the 1920s - 1930s looked like this: heroic legends penetrated the North Caucasus with the Alanian ancestors of Ossetians and spread throughout the region as a result of cultural borrowing. In the second half of the 20th century, the further study of the Nartiade and the great desire of representatives of the Caucasian scientiic centers to emphasize the «primogeniture» of their national versions provoked intense arguments about the origin and the creators of the epos core. In these years, the positions of the supporters of the theory of the Caucasian origin of heroic legends became signiicantly stronger. However in the Ossetian nartol-ogy the Iranian version of the origin of epos, according to which heroic legends were brought to the Caucasus by the ancestors of the Ossetians - the Scythians, Sarmatians and Alans and were perceived by other Caucasian peoples, is dominated. The growth of crisis phenomena in the post-Soviet society, the search for national and cultural identity, actualized the question on the genesis and creators of the epos. The author emphasizes that in this situation the epos as the common cultural heritage of the Caucasian peoples should promote the unity of people in confronting the destructive challenges of globalization and cultural depersonalization

In the historical context the formation of many contemporary Middle East states was due to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire into constituent parts. The crash of the Turkish domination was result of the weakening of the empire under the pressure of the powers of the Entente seeking to receive control over its possession and the rise of the national liberation movement. The victorious powers in the current situation were guided by the policy of dividing the Arab world into state entities. The transition of the Middle East region from the condition of cultural decline to the condition of political dissociation turned out to be the consequence of implementation of the Sykes-Picot Agreement. The peculiarity of the national liberation movement of that period occurring in the face of opposition of Britain and France, was the co-existence of centripetal and centrifugal tendencies. However, the tendency towards unity, particularly in the face of Western political and economic pressure, was a part of the national mindset of the Arab world.

The topicality of the article consists in the fact that at the present stage of development of the system of Executive authorities, the competence of state inspections is defined differently. It depends on the level of organization of the state inspections. At the Federal level, they are not provided with independent jurisdiction because they are not separate Federal bodies of Executive power, and their authority derives from the competence of those ministries and services in which they are organized. At the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the state, Inspectorate may be established as an independent body that determines that it has its own expertise in the implementation of Supervisory activities. However, the presence of a single generic term «state inspection» requires a uniform approach to the definition of the competence of state inspections as well as determining its content. The scientific novelty of this article is that based on the analysis of different approaches presented in the scientific literature; it formulated the definition of the competence of state inspections, which is relevant to the current stage of development of the system of state bodies; it identified the elements that make up this concept. The article emphasizes the necessity of selection of subjects of conducting and powers of state inspection as the most significant elements of their competence.

The author conducts a retrospective study related to the construction of a «bodily harm against close people» to the rank of a criminal offence, in terms of criteria of appropriateness and a logic of justification, summarizes the results of the functioning of rules in a short period, causes a variety of arguments, legal, historical, psychological, and pedagogical orientation in support of partial decriminalization of acts. In the framework of the present research addresses the issue of involving parents criminally liable for committing bodily harm against minor children, i.e. the so-called juvenile aspect. The author elaborates on the positions of supporters and opponents of the decriminalization of the investigated acts, identifies their strengths and weaknesses. Relevance and scientific novelty of the chosen research topic is justified by the fact that the functioning of the investigated crime has given rise to a public outcry. The author conducts a comprehensive study of a specified offence and proposes a system of measures to minimize the problems of family violence, concerning the extension of the scope of guardianship bodies, setting patronage of problem families. Talks about the ratio of the investigated part of the crime with the composition provided for by article 156 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation put forward the theory of «duplicate justice» in case of holding a person criminally responsible under articles 156 and 116 of the criminal code. The article also argues about the need of decriminalization of minor offences in the criminal code and the appropriateness of the functioning of the administrative prejudice as an important tool to minimize the measures of criminal and legal impact.

The articlestudies the condition of legal regulation of judicial constitutional control in the Russian Federation, a ratio of judicial constitutional control at the federal level and the level of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. It offers an introduction of amendments to the federal constitutional legislation. The special role of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is also reflected in implementation of judicial constitutional control as a specialized structure of the state. The author comes to a conclusion about the need to carry out complex reform of the constitutional justice in order to form the legal space without the conlict of interests as regards constitutional courts of different levels. The doctrine of constitutional right also contains a great number of opinions of out standing scientists on constitutional legislation reform. Many offers are formulated proceeding from change of a vector of a disposition in creation by territorial subjects of the Russian Federation constitutional (authorized courts) on the imperative beginning of rule of law providing an obligation of appropriate subjects to create the constitutional (authorized) courts. The article analyzes a theoretical basis of judicial constitutional control and a possibility of a ratio of the concepts «judicial constitutional control» and «constitutional control», positions of scientists are investigated, the terminological analysis of essence of two independent categories is carried out.

The article considers legal liability for such unfair commercial practice as ecological misrepresentation to the consumer. The author considers the corresponding legal rules and sanctions in Russia and abroad. Careful attention of the foreign legislator to the regulation of this sphere appears both in the height of the legal rule level and the liability for its violation. Such approach is in contrast to the current Russian legislation, which has insufficient detalization of the prohibits and the absence of the corresponding special liability for the use of the ecological topic in commerce. This offence has a multidisciplinary nature because it is infringement to the consumer's right to the true product information, to the competitor's right to the fair competition environment and to the environment itself. Taking into account an undoubted actuality of the contemporary ecology issues and the development of competition protection sphere, the author comes to conclusion about necessity of the amendments to the legislation in the form of adding a list of the types of unfair competition and special administrative liability for the offence.

The article considers the peculiarities of the Spanish law of succession: it is represented in the Civil Code of Spain as a way of acquiring property rights, the major role in the succession law plays the local law on autonomous unities, more democratic in establishing the age of testamentary capacity, more democratic addressed the issue of conversion of the will, drawn up in extraordinary circumstances, than in the Russian law, the obligatory share heirs up to 2/3 of the estate among the heirs mandatory stands «the best compulsory heir», recognized heirs to 4-degree relatives, while according to the Russian law, including 7 degree. All these features make it possible to compare with the Russian law of succession, and to borrow from the Spanish inheritance law useful and suitable provisions for the improvement of our institution of inheritance.

The given article deals with modern Russian prose in the context of geopoetics. Subject being analyzed is "us" and "them" opposition as the factor that shapes characters' geopoetical and geopolitical system of views, structures geographic and artistic space of the text as well as its ideological and aesthetic meaning. Relying on considerable academic experience of "local text" research in Russian literature studies and other humanities, the authors refer to the contemporary texts (Russian prose of the latest years) and show the way classical "us"/"they" ("others") paradigm has changed as compared to the literary works of 20th and 21st centuries that are precedent for "typical" Caucasian and Uralian texts. Classical Caucasian text, which is founded on romantic view of the world and which was formed by A. S. Pushkin, M. Y. Lermontov, L. N. Tolstoy, A. A. Marlinsky etc. as a set of certain aesthetic constants, demonstrates their persistence in the late 20th -early 21st centuries. Being simultaneously a place of exile and a place of freedom, it implies referring to certain images and situations (mountains, beauty, danger, cunning, captivity, love to a local beautiful woman, clash of cultures etc.). It remains relevant for V. Makanin's, M. Akhmedova's etc. texts that were written both "outside" and "inside" the Caucasian imagery paradigm. Modern Uralian text (A. Ivanov, O. Slavnikova, A. Matveeva etc.), which had later developed in the Russian literature and has generally kept within a realistic, though "exotic" paradigm, is characterized by other types of conflict and different "us"/"them" dialectics, that are coming from the idea of border between worlds and the ways it is passed/transformed inside and outside the character.

The article studies the specificity of the adjective in the Russian island dialect of old believers Nekrasov Cossacks in Stavropol Krai. The author substantiates the provision that the composition of the vocabulary of the dialect in the name of the adjective is partly inherited from a number of Russian dialects, both northern and southern, but for the most part is arisen in the name of the adjective, during emigration. As a result of the study of ideographic classification the author reveals speciic communicative-nominative preferences of the speakers. With the reference to the content and form of the morphological category of the adjective, the author describes the facts of violation of the non-global bans that exist in the Russian literary language (an extension of the Glossary regarding possessive adjectives, not corresponding to the semantic rules, the specifics of unstressed inflections of certain case forms of adjectives), the resource usage of the national language (the existence of speciic structural and semantic relation of word-formation models), including archaic (outdated form of comparative degree, formed on the basis of the superior degree of the corresponding adjectives), structural and phonetic phonological alignment. The author shows that as a result of the long isolation of Nekrasov dialect from the maternal basis, the composition of adjectives has changed signiicantly, which is conirmed by the data of semantics, phonetics, morphology and word formation of the studied word class.

The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, consisted in describing and classifying the grammatical means of expressing the meanings of Spanish optative wishes in relation to their discursive pragmatics. When studying the grammar of Spanish optative-wishes, such parameters of their functioning as extralinguistic conditions for using the wish, its propositional content, the character of expressiveness of optative-wishes and linguopragmatic aspects of the application of optative wishes were taken into account. On the basis of the conditionality of extra-linguistic factors of optative wishes in the Spanish colloquial discourse, the desires caused by rele- vant non-linguistic events and the wishes conditioned by the affective states of the speaker were divided. It is concluded that in the Spanish colloquial discourse, the verb in the propositional part is in the form of Subjuntivo, which can be introduced as a standard que particle, and as an occasional particle ojala, as the basic grammatical means of expressing the meanings of optative wishes. Performative ways of expressing meanings prevail among the optative-desires caused by affective states of speakers.

The article analyzes functional and pragmatic peculiarities of a special type of political discourse actualized at Internet platforms. With the reference to functional analysis of the phenomenon under consideration within the framework of communicative-pragmatic approach, the author concludes a special form of borderline character, existential kind, personality-oriented type of communication under conditions of universal rules of political discourse construction. The field of producer's activity and the peculiar features of communication channel, which in line with distance and impersonality of the utterance express complete subjectivity and presence effect, serve the base to specify this type of communication. The study reveals the main positions of counter-communicants relevant for the potential of perlocution effect actualization. Suggestivity along with communicativity are supposed to be considered the key features of functional and pragmatic potential of political Internet discourse as the influence, manipulation and information translation foster actualization of conceptual-valency system in political Internet communication. The article speciies functional and pragmatic space of political Internet discourse, which is based on actualization of the following functions:1) information-factological, 2) analytical-interpretative, 3) attractive, 4) manipulative-phatic, 5) expressive-evaluative. Due to realization of these functions, the informative, analytical, expressive and evaluative modes play the key roles in this type of discourse.

The present article aims to analyze football discourse as an 'agent' of national identity reflecting nation's self-awareness through mass consciousness. The study highlights that since its inception football acted as an agent of national ideology, and the successes of national teams propelled the sense of patriotic and national unity. The competitive essence of this team game generates bright emotions and their manifestation displays the common features of national character. National identity can be produced, transformed and demounted through language, which is why the idea of national identity is realized through discourse. Based on the analysis conducted, the authors conclude that national identity is being reflected through football discourse following on from three key elements, which are the use of the pronoun 'we', spatial orientation and the 'friend-or-foe' opposition. Each of these elements represents a component of discourse practices explicating the peculiarities of national self-awareness of players, fans and the representatives of discourse community in general. At the same time, the authors note that football discourse is a secondary one, since the game has been associated with entertainment, rather than with primary social amenities.

The article studies the correlation of semantics and pragmatics of utterance absurdization as required to actualize the author's illocution goal. Specific types of language anomalies are specified: semantic contamination, semantic randomness, semantic substitution, semantic shift and semantic distortion. According to syntax composition and speech forms three main types of absurd text are singled out: absurd narration, absurd description and absurd discussion. The key tactics of logical pragmatic absurd within two basic ways of expressing pragmatic characteristics are determined: breach of logical links and semantic distortion. It is concluded that there are inconsistencies in the pragmatics of absurd statements with the impossibility of a purely rational understanding and interpretation of the communicative act as a whole. The main ways of violating the stereotypical picture of the world within the framework of the absurdity of utterances are recognized: distortion of the semantics of images, violation of the semantics of space-time coordinates, ridiculing the misunderstanding of counter-communicants, the implementation of the conflict of uncertainty and ambivalent of the key concept. Linguistic absurdity from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics can also be considered an auxiliary mechanism for the study of value pictures of the world, the general generalized conceptual and valeur system of the linguistic cultural community.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main provisions of human being in the artistic worldview of the modern writer E. V. Grishkovets. Particular attention is paid to the representation of the category of everyday life in its existential comprehension in the genres of the artistic and documentary prose of the author. Artistic model of reality of Е. V. Grishkovets inds an expression in the description of everyday life situations of a person who does not pretend to be exclusive or unique. The chacacter and his existence are examined through consistent awareness and overcoming of ordinary life within the framework of existentialism philosophy. The author forms an artistic representation of being in the work on the basis of the description of details familiar to everyone in life: the characters of the work collect the main features of a typical viewer and a reader. The article examines the features of the manifestation of the category «everyday life» in various environmental options: the typical space of the city, and the unique living conditions in the Arctic expedition. The analysis is based on prosaic texts of the writer, expressing the creative features of E. V. Grishkovets as a prose writer, as well as a high level of autobiographic and literary self-reflection. This allows us to fully reveal the author's vision of the category "everyday life" and trace the connection of his work with the philosophy of existential worldview.

Such issues as causes and psychological motives of the crime, legal proceedings procedural violations, inhuman conditions of the hard labor and exile played a significant role in the composition of A. Chekhov's newspapers and magazines materials. The distinctive feature of Chekhov's works of the indicated problematics is the direct author's assessment of the phenomena nature relating to the system of penalties in Russia along with artistic pictures of what was happening. One of the important conclusions made by the author was that «punishment very often brings much more evil than the crime itself». In the early stories of Chekhov, the idea of immorality of the death penalty and life imprisonment was repeated time and again. A separate chapter in the cycle «From Siberia» was devoted to the inhumanity and the impracticability of these penalties. The problem was most clearly reflected in the artistic and publicist essay book of «The Sakhalin island», where the word «punishment» and its derivatives were used 110 times and were present in the titles of chapters emphasizing the importance of this topic for the author. Chekhov described how disastrously the punishment of the galley affects both the prisoners and the jailers. In general, the publicistic writings by Chekhov of the 1880-1890s were the encyclopedia of the artist and the humanist, which strongly criticized the whole aggregate of brutal punitive measures aimed at humiliation and the lack of rights for the individual.

The article analyses the linguistic representation of the orthodox theme in Iliya Surguchev's emigrant journalism (based on "Paris Diary") at three layers: the ideological, the intertextual, the lexical. The article give an analysis of intertextual relations in Iliya Surguchev's emigrant journalism. Different types of intertextual and paratextual elements as well as their dialogical relations and their various functions have been considered. Religious literature intertextures are divided into biblical allusions and quotes from religious texts (the Bible, prayers, patristic works, hymnology). The lexical layer includes the orthodox religious vocabulary of the various thematic groups (used in a literal or figurative meaning) and colloquial idioms. Orthodox theme in Iliya Surguchev's worldview associated with the concept of sacred, holy. Sacred concept in the worldview of the emigrants is rooted in the depths of archaic system of values, transmitted through the common Russian mythological and linguistic consciousness from generation to generation and has become a means of educating of humanism, morality, purity.