Introduction. Currently, a pressing scientific problem is a comprehensive study of the systemic genocide of civilians carried out by the Nazi administration in the occupied territories of the USSR. In the legal dimension, such activities are associated with various factors, including the forced transfer of Soviet citizens to forced labor in Germany. In this context the integrated reconstruction of internal counteraction to the repressive practices of the Nazi authorities is of significant interest, carried out by underground organizations and partisan detachments. Materials and Methods. In this article, armed resistance to the forced relocation of the civilian population in the occupied territory of the Rostov region is examined on the basis of documentary sources contained in regional archives and identified as part of the heuristic work of the team of authors. Historical reconstruction is based not only on the objective results of source analysis, but also on the conceptual foundation formed by the previous historiographical tradition. Analysis. Significant empirical material, extracted from differentiated sources, qualitatively illustrates the author’s conclusion, according to which the active actions of underground organizations and partisan detachments helped a significant number of local residents avoid forced deportation in Germany. Armed resistance to the criminal actions of the Nazi occupation authorities was based on the broad support of the civilian population, which determined the high efficiency of the practical actions of the
Taganrog partisans and underground fighters in difficult natural and social conditions. Results. A significant role in the systemic prevention of the forced movement of Don residents to Germany was played by both voluntary assistants of underground organizations and direct participants in combat groups, skillfully introduced into the administrative structures of German administration.

Introduction. The article is devoted to a relevant and little-studied issue in Russian historiography. Most of the studies of domestic authors consider the reasons for the emigration of Polish citizens to Great Britain and the influence of this process on the demographic situation in the country. The social profile of emigrants and their adaptation to the new sociocultural environment have not been adequately reflected in the works of Russian authors. Materials and Methods. In the process of working on the topic the author applied the principles of historical anthropology. Materials of analytical centres and mass media of Poland and Great Britain were used as historical sources. Analysis. Polish emigration to Great Britain is becoming the most important factor influencing the life of both states and their relations. The article reveals the social characteristics of Polish emigrants living in the UK. The author pays attention to the dynamics of the number of Polish emigrants and the geography of their settlement in the United Kingdom, emphasizing the particular attractiveness of Greater London. Polish emigrants initially, holding low-skilled positions, were able to achieve success in the professional field. Therefore, the thesis about the extreme dependence of Polish emigrants on social benefits cultivated by British nationalists is not true. Welleducated young people with proficient level of English language skills dominated among emigrants. At the same time, the growing number of emigrants from rural areas leads to an increase in the share of emigrants with a low level of education. In terms of gender, men prevailed among emigrants. The author analyses the behaviour of Polish emigrant families in case they give birth to children and how this fact affects their well-being. Results. The article shows the success of Polish emigrants in adapting to new conditions of life and labour activity on the territory of Great Britain. According to the author, one of the indicators of the high degree of adaptation of Poles is the high percentage of selfemployed in their environment. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that, despite Brexit and COVID-19, most Polish emigrants prefer to stay on the territory of the UK without breaking close contacts with their homeland.

Introduction. The assessments of a number of well-known economists and historians regarding the scientific and technical policy implemented in the 1950s are directly opposite. Some authors assess this period as a genuine rise, others argue that already in the 1950s the inability of the country to overcome the scientific and technical gap with the leading Western countries was obvious. The relevance of the publication is determined by the need to accumulate positive historical experience in order to gain technological sovereignty. The purpose of the study is to analyze the messages sent to the country leadership by representatives of the Soviet scientific elite and heads of individual departments, reflecting the state of computer technology in the USSR by the mid-1950s. The novelty of the publication consists in studying on the basis of documents introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, which allow deeper and more reliable investigation of the problem of the evolution of state policy in the field of computer technology development in the 1950s. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of previously classified documents that have now become available, including memos sent to the Central Committee of the CPSU, reports of leading scientists, officials responsible for the scientific and technical development of the country, etc. The methodological basis of the research was the theory of modernization. Analysis. The studied documents contain highly significant data on the state of computer technology development and reflect the authors’ wish to convince the leaders of the country to change the priorities, forms of organization of research activities, and overcome the formal approach. Results. The study concludes that leading experts had an extremely negative assessment of the state of affairs in this area. As arguments that the leadership of the country was able to evaluate, data on the situation in the United States in this area were given. An increasing backlog was predicted in case of rejection of measures.

In the first quarter of the 21st century, the issue of the humanization of society in general and the humanization of education in particular was still on the agenda and became even more relevant. It was time to move from declarations and theorizing to humanistic practices. In this, as evidenced by research and teaching experience, the role of historical anthropology is great. Its structure and content, methods and goal-setting contribute not only to successful research, but also to the use of innovative methods of work and the development of research skills of students. Since the historical and anthropological approach has an interdisciplinary nature, the practical question of a lecturer about interdisciplinary connections within the framework of curricula acquires a modern sound. Attention to the fate of an individual and one’s daily life in the past actualizes students' interest in the History course. That is why it is so important for future historians to learn the essence and research practices of historical anthropology. The article examines such issues as the reasons for the origin of this trend, its features at the present stage of historical science, the development of historical anthropology in Russia since the 1990s.

Introduction. The article is devoted to determining the historical time and place on the territory of the Russian Federation, where Islam established itself as an official religion. It is not legitimate to speak about Islam as a state religion already because Islam is not institutionalised by its very essence. Materials and Methods. Since the process of spreading the Muslim doctrine for history is nothing more than yesterday, well known in all details, the sources and special literature are quite enough to solve this question chronologically, even in the case when we are talking about the most remote, northern area where Islam spread. The content and essence of this article is not in the sequential presentation of facts and events, but in their methodological interpretation, free from ideological attitude and ethno-political bias. Analysis. The article considers the very fact of the establishment of the Muslim religion as a purposeful process initiated and carried out by the state power within a certain ethno-political and ethno-territorial community that has existed continuously on the territory of the Russian Federation up to the present time. The article consistently argues that the issue under consideration in the article might not have arisen if the Russian historical science in recent decades had not been largely influenced by ethnic myth-making, which ousted a conscientious, balanced approach to historical facts that have long been present in scientific circulation. Results. The Arab invasion of the Caucasus in the 8th century, unlike in the South Caucasus, did not have any significant consequences for Dagestan. The establishment of Islam in Dagestan occurred at the turn of the 11th12th centuries as a result of the missionary movement, known as the Ghazi movement, i.e. the movement of fighters for the faith, which spread widely in the Middle East, as well as in West and Central Asia.

Introduction. In the first third of the XX century, the United States continued to experience a strain on domestic political life due to the continued volume of external migration. During this period, the concerned politicians and public figures actively developed measures to regulate migration processes. Since any change in the law is being discussed within the walls of the highest legislative body of the country, an insight into the history of the work of the US Congress is an indispensable condition to analyze an important migration problem. Materials and Methods. Reference to the documents of the US Congress, legislative acts, as well as the periodical press made it possible to analyze the process of developing measures to limit the immigration flow to the United States in the period 1920–1921. The principle of objectivity and the comparative historical method used in the work made it possible to trace differences in the positions of government representatives, analyze arguments in favor of adjusting migration legislation or preserving existing measures. Analysis. The study has specified that the process of discussion and decision-making was influenced by the party affiliation of members of the Congress. At first, Republicans and Democrats from southern states supported the restrictive measures under discussion. However, by 1921, against the background of the economic recession, the opinions of Democrats changed in favor of open support for restrictionism or tacit consent. Results. The reason for the changes in the positions of the Democrats was the reassessment of the electorate of the party since the restrictive vector of policy was set in 1917 and the delayed effect of the electoral process was no longer feasible. In addition, the outspoken lobbying by large entrepreneurs of their interests on the migration issue, including through representatives of the Democratic Party, was openly criticized by society. Consequently, to maintain political weight, the party was forced to reconsider its attitude to the migration issue. The main mechanism of restriction was the quantitative indicator stipulating a quota for each country.

Abstract. The socio-cultural diversity of the North Caucasus has set the Russian state the task of finding the most effective model of regional governance and developing optimal rules for the future structure of the region. The administrative and judicial system being implemented had to take into account the realia in the relations between the Russian authorities and the autochthonous peoples of the Caucasus to the greatest extent, thereby contributing to the establishment of relations in the conditions of the gradual extinction of the armed confrontation. In this regard, the article tells about the formation of the Russian system of administrative and judicial regulation in the Caucasus in the 60s of the XIX century and the peculiarities of the regional implementation of transformations. Materials and Methods. The source base of this study consists of archival materials and published sources related to various stages of the study period. The materials presented in such major publications as The Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire and the Acts Collected by the Caucasian Archaeological Commission were of great importance. The principles of scientific and historicism were applied as methods of historical and political research, as well as such scientific methods as historical systemic, historical-comparative and descriptive ones, which allowed a deeper understanding of the historical processes that took place in the North Caucasus during the period under review. Analysis. A review of the legislative framework establishing the functioning of the military-people's management system testifies to the exclusivity of this system. Thus, the military management system operating on the territory of the Dagestan, Terek and Kuban regions at all its levels had a wide range of powers that granted rights in the field of control over the judicial system, the use of troops, detention and administrative expulsion of representatives of indigenous peoples. At the same time, insufficiently clear formulations defining the procedure for the exercise of these powers, as well as the lack of structures allowing for independent control, increased the likelihood of abuse by officials of the military-people's management system of their official duties. Results. The formation of a system of military-people's administration in the North Caucasus has made it possible to successfully implement all the tasks facing the Russian administration in the period under review. In addition, it was possible to eliminate the threat of the war that existed in the region after the destruction of the imamate.

Introduction. The article deals with the formation and development of the procuratorial authorities of the post-reform period of the second half of the 19th century and their activities in the territory of the Stavropol province and the Tersk and Kuban regions. The article shows the processes of transformation of prosecutorial oversight bodies in relation to the growth of crime in the region and the desire of local authorities to strengthen the composition of law enforcement officials in general and prosecutors in particular. Materials and Methods. The study is based on central and local archive data, as well as some sources published in the pre-revolutionary press and statistical data from the annual reports of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Empire on the functioning of the judicial system of the country. The article provides a structured analysis of the results of their work and the associated activities of the prosecutorial bodies and an assessment of both the content of their service and the number of their staff. Results. It can be concluded that the prosecutorial oversight bodies of the North Caucasus not only monitored the implementation of Russian legislation, being an «eye of the state», but also after the judicial reform in Russia in 1864 became an integral element in the organization and conduct of a number of criminal and civil proceedings, acting as the prosecution in court. The joint prosecutor-lawyer trial was a vivid example of a new, reformed judicial legislation that promoted the inclusion of the North Caucasus region in the Russian-wide civil rights orbit in the local multinational population.

Introduction. In domestic and foreign historiography, there are no studies on the parliamentary elections during the period of the April constitution in Poland (1935-1939) and the activities of the authorities in their course. Materials and Methods. The study is interdisciplinary in nature. It employs the methods of historical science and related sciences. It is based on archival materials - documents of state institutions during the election period. Analysis. The misuse of authority during the election campaigns, the electoral act itself and in determining the results of the parliamentary elections of 1935 and 1938 in Poland are investigated. Central authorities gave directions to the lower ones in order to achieve a beneficial result for themselves at any cost. Results. The research shows various misuses of authority on the part of state institutions in the elections of 1935 and 1938, especially the latter. The main indicator of success - high turnout in the elections to the Sejm - was not achieved in 1935 and was significantly higher in 1938. This was achieved in part through violations of the law.

Abstract. Introduction. The relevance of the problem considered in the article is due to the possibility to use the experience of the organization of the Soviet state and interethnic relations in the Soviet period in order to improve national policy in modern Russia. The novelty of the research is connected with the study of the problem that has not received proper coverage in the historical literature. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the theory and practice of the national policy of the Bolshevik Party in the 1920s. Materials and Methods. The study of the problem of the national policy of the Bolshevik Party was carried out on the basis of the principles of objectivity, historicism and a systematic approach. Historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were used in the preparation of the study. Analysis. According to the theory of Marxism, it was assumed that as capitalism developed, the consolidation of production would lead to the process of unification of nations. During the transition to socialism, these processes would acquire an irreversible character thanks to the destruction of human exploitation by man and the division of people according to class and national characteristics. It was believed that developed Western countries were ready for these transformations, in which the prerequisites for the transition from capitalism to socialism had already matured. However, due to historical circumstances, the socialist revolution took place in such a medium-developed country as Russia. In an effort to strengthen the position of the young Soviet state, a number of transformations were carried out by the Bolsheviks, including the exercise of the right of nations to self-determination. At the same time, during the formation of the USSR, the supremacy of the central party organs in the management of the Union state was ensured. During the implementation of Stalin’s concept of building socialism in a single country, the idea of a historical leap of backward peoples from feudalism to socialism was realized, bypassing the stage of capitalist formation. Results. The study has determined that the main feature of the national policy of the Bolshevik

Introduction. The article analyzes geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the North Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century. The author identifies the main prerequisites that became the reason for the historical confrontation, formulates the strategic interests of the parties to the conflict, characterizes the economic, political and cultural motives that increased geopolitical competition in the North Caucasus during the period under review. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of texts by domestic and foreign scholars studying the Caucasus, collections of published documents and materials obtained from the funds of the central archives of the Russian Federation (AVP RI, RGADA). Retrospective, historical-genetic, historical-comparative and personalbiographical methods were used as methods of historical and political research.

The analysis of the underlying preconditions for the actualization of the Ottoman factor in the escalation of the events of the Caucasian War is carried out. The study specifies objective and subjective factors that contributed to the natural clash of interests of the two countries in the North Caucasus as the region in which the rational economic and geopolitical motives of the two empires were supplemented by ideological considerations aimed at protecting the peoples, belonging to Islamic and Orthodox civilizations. Analysis. Special attention is paid to deep historical roots of the Russian-Turkish conflict in the Caucasus in the 19th century formed by a shift in the balance of power between states during the 18th century. Successful conquests of the Russian army deprived the Ottoman Empire of geopolitical influence in the vast areas of the North Caucasus and the Northern Black Sea region. Also, a special place in the study is occupied by the problem of the role of Western countries in the escalation of the conflict between St. Petersburg and Istanbul during the historical period under review. Results. The author emphasizes the fact that the anti-Russian position of Great Britain and France on the Caucasian issue was of great importance in the context of the development of events of the Caucasian War. At the same time, the pro-Ottoman policy of London and Paris was dictated by realistic considerations of these countries, which sought, by encouraging Turkish revanchism, to restrain Russian expansion in territories of strategic interest to them. From this point of view, the Caucasian War is considered by the author as part of the “great game” of Russia and Great Britain, which competed for leadership on the Eurasian continent.

Introduction. The issue of agricultural development in the Ottoman Empire has not been widely reflected in domestic and partly in foreign historiography. Most of the studies focus on the development of the agrarian sector in the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula as a manifestation of the growing crisis phenomena in the economy of the Ottoman Empire. At the same time, the 19th century was marked by the inclusion of the empire agriculture in global economic relations and slow development of modernization processes. The article attempts to analyze the main trends and contradictions in the development of the agrarian sector and the role of its individual sectors in the national economy of the Ottoman Empire. Materials and Methods. The main historical sources for the study of the problem are the reports of diplomats working in the Ottoman Empire and the works of contemporaries, economists and publicists who sought to assess the prospects of economic development of the Ottoman Empire. In theoretical and methodological terms, the study is based on the principles of economic history, which implies the study of the national economy under the influence of certain social and state institutions. In its turn, economic institutions in many respects lay the foundations for the domestic and foreign policy development of the country. Analysis. Ottoman agriculture was largely under the influence of patriarchal forms of production organization and income distribution. However, the growing inclusion of the empire's agrarian sector in global economic relations made adjustments in the development of its individual sectors and favoured the growth of commodity production. The expansion of exports, construction of railways, penetration of new technologies lead to the first positive breakthroughs in the agrarian sector of the country. Results. The world economic crisis in the last third of the 19th century and the dominance of pre-capitalist forms of economic management significantly hampered the development of agriculture in the Ottoman Empire. At the same time, the emergence of new technologies and forms of production organization had a positive impact on the situation in the agricultural sector of the empire.

Introduction. A legal analysis of the status of a higher education lecturer is impossible without taking into account the processes of globalization and the intensification of the global financial and economic crisis. These processes have determined a system of factors that influence, to a greater or lesser extent, the education systems of all countries of the world. These factors directly influence the content and scope of social and labor rights of the main figure in the higher education system - the lecturer. G.U. Matushansky and Yu. V. Rogov, in particular, mention among such factors the processes caused by globalization, the internationalization of educational systems in Europe and the world as a whole, and a serious decrease in budget funding due to the deepening global financial and economic crisis. In addition, a global trend in the field of higher education has become the practical need to replace subject-oriented training with the preparation of graduates aimed at solving problems set by employers, which, in turn, is due to the low quality of training of specialists - university graduates. In such conditions, the national legislator, precisely for this reason, sees the opportunity to use the proven positive experience of foreign countries in the process of legal regulation of problems in the education system, including consolidating the legal status of a lecturer. The fact is that foreign countries have already adapted their national educational systems, taking into account all the factors mentioned above, especially taking into account the serious reduction in state expenditures on education. Since comparative legal research in relation to the field of labor relations and education has practically not been carried out in our country, serious interest in the socio-educational law of foreign countries remains. However, issues related to the specifics of the work of a lecturer, the level of its significance for society and the state, the peculiarities of legal regulation of the content of the labor function, payment, security, and standardization of work of a lecturer remain relevant for both Russian and foreign researchers and law makers. Modern Russian scientists, unfortunately, provide rather poor coverage of foreign legal experience in regulating the legal status of a lecturer. Publications of scientists, conferences and round tables are devoted, as a rule, to general problems of increasing the level of training of university graduates, the formation of a competency-based approach, the prospects for teaching and student mobility, and the psychological aspects of reforming higher education. At the same time, scientists pay very little attention to the issues of the social and labor status of a lecturer. Materials and Methods. The authors analyze the points of view expressed in science regarding problems related to the legal regulation of the work of a lecturer (the content and term of the employment contract, the structure of the labor function, remuneration, etc.), in the context of the peculiarities of the modern Russian state and law. In the process of research, a whole complex of theoretical principles, logical techniques and special methods and means of cognition of state and legal phenomena (historical and legal, comparative legal, etc.) was used. Analysis. The authors analyze the provisions of the current Russian labor legislation on the work of higher education lecturers in the context of globalization and the intensification of the global financial and economic crisis. The authors identified the influence of Russian legislation on the labor of lecturers on the legal system of the Republic of South Ossetia. The content of the labor function of a lecturer at a higher educational institution has its own significant features that determine the specific nature and conditions of work. At the same time, a professional lecturer standard has not yet been developed and implemented, in violation of the requirements of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The authors identified the reasons for this situation. An analysis of the legal guarantees of lecturers showed that they are practically absent in relation to the regulation and remuneration of their work due to the lack of clear and transparent legislation on these issues. Attention is drawn to the positive role of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in contrast to the negative assessment of the established practice of university employers to enter into short-term employment contracts with lecturers. The article pays attention to systemic problems in establishing working conditions for lecturers. Results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the legal acts regulating the work of university lecturer have significant gaps that do not allow them to properly assess the labor function of a lecturer, pay and standardize their work. The authors note the extremely low efficiency of legal regulation of the work of lecturers in the social and labor sphere of modern Russia. The solution to these problems is seen by the authors in the urgent need to introduce amendments to the current law of the Russian Federation on education and the corresponding chapter of the Labor Code of Russia on the content of the labor function of a university lecturer, remuneration and standardization of his work. It is necessary to improve the quality of local and contractual regulation of the working conditions of lecturers, as well as strengthen state supervision and public control over compliance with the labor rights of lecturers.

Introduction. A number of specific issues are central to modern national practice of application of legislation on administrative. It is preconditioned by constant improvement of legislation, which is carried out to effectively counter internal and external challenges to the Russian state and society. The principle of justice retains its paramount importance, determining the status of the mechanism of administrative responsibility precisely as a means of public administration. The peculiarities of the practical implementation of this principle are expressed, among other things, in the institution of exemption from administrative liability, one of the grounds of which is the insignificance of an administrative offense - an evaluative category that is significant for the practice of applying legislation on administrative offenses. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of provisions of the current legislation on administrative liability, materials from relevant judicial practice and the work of researchers on this issue. Analysis. The provisions of the current legislation and rulings of higher courts containing explanations of these provisions do not provide a comprehensive picture of the specifics of the application of the rules on the insignificance of an administrative offense, including the relevant categories of cases and the subject composition. Results. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that the rules on exemption from administrative liability in the event of a minor administrative offense require additional clarification from the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to determine the categories of violations to which these rules apply, as well as the range of subjects to which they apply. The author's position on possible answers to the questions posed is formulated.

Introduction. The study of the role of artificial intelligence and its impact on civil proceedings is an actively researched problem, since its implementation is becoming widespread. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the scientific works of both Russian and foreign scientists. The appeal to the scientific views of specific scientists made it possible to generalize views on the essence of artificial intelligence, to analyze the forms of its use. The study of the issue led to the use of general scientific, logical, comparative legal methods, as well as methods of systematic and complex analysis, which made it possible to comprehensively and fully study the current state of the phenomenon under consideration. Analysis. The study of various scientific developments allows us to talk about the formation of a new scientific and technological environment, the emergence of a new field of legal relations using artificial intelligence technologies. Results. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that it is necessary to form special norms of legislation on the creation and use of artificial intelligence. The authors substantiate the need to form a fundamentally new toolkit for the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in legal proceedings, which is associated with the specifics of electronic persons, characterized primarily by difficulties in localizing their legally significant behavior.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is to consider the issue of qualifying deliberately false reports about an impending explosion, arson or other actions that create a danger of death, causing significant property damage or other socially dangerous consequences in order to destabilize the activities of government bodies, the number of which has increased exponentially in recent years, and influence of the current version of Art. 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation to increase general prevention in relation to this crime. Materials and methods. The study analyzes scientific literature and judicial practice that has developed with the use of the new edition of Art. 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, starting from 2018. Analysis. The article provides examples of judicial practice indicating the ambiguous use of Art. 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the absence of a precise definition of the term “destabilization of the activities of a government body” and the uniform establishment by the courts of this goal, in relation to Art. 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Results. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that the new version of Art. 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation narrows the number of acts that formally fall under the elements of this crime, but do not form its constituent elements, and therefore the goals pursued by the legislator when amending the specified corpus delicti are aimed at strengthening liability for committing knowingly false reports about an act of terrorism and increasing the overall prevention in relation to this crime cannot be achieved.

Introduction. The norms of the Soviet and Russian criminal legislation on terrorist crimes analyzed in historical and modern perspectives allow us to consider the impact of legal technique and the quality of the criminal law prohibition on the state of crime rate. Materials and Methods. The paper investigates the criminal-political method of criminalization, but from the position of changing its volume over time. The methodological basis was the system method, analysis and synthesis, and the comparative historical method. Analysis. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the criminal law norms on terrorist crimes are analyzed and the state of criminal legislation is correlated with the statistical indicators of the crimes under consideration. The main goal is to form, taking into account the causes of terrorist activity, effective legal solutions of an anti-terrorist orientation. Results. The concludes that the content of criminal law prohibitions of terrorist activity historically underwent a fundamental qualitative change and currently includes acts that are different in terms of the object of encroachment. At the same time, it was the expansion of the list of offenses that led to the positive dynamics of this crime. In this connection, it is advisable to consider the change in the number of committed crimes of a terrorist nature in relation to the type of crimes committed and their terminological correctness. The article deals with the issues of the stages of forming legal prohibitions for terrorist crimes, against this background, qualitative design flaws in the criminal laws of 1922, 1926 and 1960 are highlighted. The formation of criminal law prohibitions was not devoid of constructive and substantive problems. The author draws attention to previously used conceptual apparatus including the concepts of terrorism, a terrorist act, a terrorist action, and its inherent terminological inconsistency.

Introduction. Artificial intelligence technologies are increasingly finding way into various spheres of life. Academic research is no exception. In view of this, there is a need to study the independence (originality) of the thesis research, performed using a neural network, as the main criterion for its quality. Materials and Methods. The study, first of all, is based on the analysis and assessment of the opinions of various experts in the field of development of artificial intelligence systems, science and education. The study of different ways of conducting research in modern conditions was carried out using descriptive and comparative methods of scientific knowledge. Analysis. The study suggests an assessment of the fact that a work written with artificial intelligence technologies is recognized as an independently performed study. The opinions of various experts in the field of development of artificial intelligence systems, science and education are given. Various methods of conducting research in modern conditions are analyzed. Results. The authors believe that it is impossible to write an original study with a neural network, especially in the legal sphere, without active participation of a person. Since the originality of the study means conducting it for the first time using new methods, tools and obtaining new results and conclusions. A neural network (chat-GPT system) is not capable of creating new information (inventing something new) because it is based on texts that have been written by people before, and therefore it will not be able to conduct its own research. The final conclusion is made about the possibility of using an artificial intelligence system as a tool (means) to solve only standard problems (for example, checking errors, translating foreign literature, collecting generalized scientific material, designing work, etc.) in the process of writing a thesis.

Introduction. Modern communicative and pragmatic research focuses on relevant characteristics of interaction, i.e. the need for explication / implication of values and goals of both discrete participants in interaction and the common goal-setting space and cognitive assets of counter-communicants, which determines the adequacy and value of the components of the information flow. The purpose of our study is to analyze the basic characteristics of correlates in the valueorientation and aim spaces of socially concerned communication. Materials and Methods. The key method of the undertaken research is the inferential synthesis of various forms of pertinence (private subjective relevance) as a synergetic interaction in creating collective relevance as an intersubjective space of understanding and interpretation, as well as a discourse analysis of interaction situations to determine ways to correlate value and target spaces of participants in communicative interaction. Analysis. The article considers the mechanisms of correlation of pertinences (personal goals) with relevance (collective values) within the framework of institutional borderline communication harmonization. Within the framework of the inferential analysis of social work discursive practices, the author comes to the conclusion about the binding and moderating role of the “tertiariis agens” of socially concerned communication. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the relevance is defined not only as a set of pertinences of all communicative interaction participants, but also in the positing of intentional correlation necessity of pertinences with the values of society and the general purpose of communication. Results. As a result of the study, it may safely be said that the comparison of one's own goals with values, and, therefore, the choice of means of explication, has a retrospective character, while the orientation towards the realization of a common goal is procursive. The realization of private goals of socially concerned discursive practices when moderating communication by a “tertiariis agens” levels the utilitarian nature of manipulation and contributes to the implementation of basic principle of cooperation, i.e. harmonizes borderline communication.

Introduction. The article studies features of encoding precedent names (PNs) and precedent images in modern polycode texts with account of their semiotically complicated nature and the characteristics of visual / verbal / auditory forms of precedence involved in the process. Several research tasks were set: 1) description of a set of Soviet-era PNs referred to in polycode texts; 2) analysis of semiotic forms of encoding PN in polycode texts; 3) identification of forms and combinations of interaction between PN representatives and other precedent phenomena (PP) within the text; 4) defining a set of values that are appealed to via PN in a polycode text. Materials and Methods. The research material consisted of 450 Russian-language Internet memes selected through a target sample from the Russian-language segment of the Internet, containing a verbal and / or non-verbal representative of a PN or image of a person related to the USSR. The research methodology rests on basic principles of the theory of precedence and multimodal analysis, semiotic, structural-semantic and discursive methods of analysis. Analysis. The main semiotic representative of Soviet-era PN in polycode texts is a visual element, which can be accompanied by additional verbalized references (full, transformed or pseudo-quote, typical rhyme, etc.) or form some prototype model of a polycode text. Polycode PN representatives come in the following combinations: a) verbalization of the PN of the Soviet era – a visual representative of the PP of the modern image; b) a visual representative of the PN of the Soviet era – verbalization of the collective characteristic of the PN; c) a visual representative of the PN of the Soviet era – verbalization of role archetypes, patterns of behavior that conditionally correlate with the PN; d) visual representative of the PN – a verbal component, the semantics of which correlates and contrasts with the PN; e) visual representative of the PN – a text with a quote / reminiscent reference / rhyme / etc. Results. The analysis allows us to draw a conclusion about the polycode variability of PN representatives. A potential basis for the reference to a PN at one time or another can be values, a behavioral stereotype, a personality type, the most representative traits, skills or achievements of a person / character that meet the cultural context.

Introduction. The article describes the variability of the phonetic structure of borrowings in the Khmer language. This topic has a long tradition in both domestic and foreign linguistics. Such prominent scientists as I. Klenin, E. Polivanov and N. Trubetskoy carried out research in this area. In Khmer studies, the topic of language contacts and adaptation of borrowed vocabulary is poorly studied. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of 208 borrowings selected from 16,119 contexts (sentences) in the Phnom Penh Post Newspaper, the biggest printed daily in the Khmer language. Analysis. Analyzing the phonetic aspect of adaptation, we divided the borrowings into 2 groups: the phonetic and the morphological-phonetic ones. At the same time, the first type included the words transferred from a foreign language in their original form with minor adaptation to Khmer phonetics, and the second type – words that have undergone the process in which a Khmer morpheme is added to the phonetic borrowing. Each group falls into smaller subgroups. Phonetic borrowings were divided into borrowings with “zero” and incomplete adaptation, and the resulting phonetic borrowings were also described separately. Morphological-phonetic borrowings are also divided in two subgroups: phonetic borrowing + a Khmer morpheme and Greco-Latin elements combined with a Khmer (Pali/Sanskrit) word. Results. Based on the results of the study, two main trends inherent in the Khmer language were identified. Firstly, in the process of assimilation of foreign words, the Khmer language strives to eliminate sounds and alien phonetic features that are unusual for it, thus adapting them to its phonetic norms. Secondly, Greek-Latin term elements are used in forming new words and new nominations by combining the Khmer component with a foreign one.