Introduction. The batlle of Raphia, the general battle of the 4th Syrian War between the armies of Antiochus III and Ptolemy IV, became one of the largest in ancient history. Its course is generally known thanks to the comprehensive description by Polybius (V.82–86). The participation of war elephants attracts special attention of researchers because it was quite massive and successful. It was the elephant fight that became the most striking episode of the battle. In tactical terms, the actions of elephantry in conjunction with other troops are of undoubted interest in the context of combined arms warfare. Finally, the Battle of Raphia is the only known battle of Antiquity,

where African and Indian elephants battled against each other. Oddly enough, it is this picturesque detail that attracts scientists and remains the reason for a lively discussion in historiography to this day.

Materials and methods. The main source is Chapter V of Polybius’s General History, as well as other narrative sources (the works of Diodorus, Strabo, Plutarch, etc.).

Analysis. The debate about the exact species of ancient African war elephants has been going on since the beginning of the 20th century and is caused by the fact that elephants are no longer found in the regions that were accessible to ancient hunters. The point of the debate is to determine which living species of African elephant (savanna elephant or forest elephant) they could belong to, based on both Polybius’s report on the superiority of Indian elephants over Libyan ones (V.84.5) and zoological data. Several stages can be distinguished in the debate: the beginning of the 20th century (G. Delbrück et al., savanna elephant), the end of the 1940s (W. Gowers, forest elephant; P. Deraniyagala, species that is now extinct), the beginning of the 21st century (scientific results of the Gash-Barka expedition (2014), P. Schneider’s publications). It is currently ongoing, since only a genetic study of ancient skeleton remains can close it.

Results. The successful experiments in taming both the living species of African elephant conducted in the 20th century allow one to agree with P. Schneider’s conclusions that for both Polybius and the organizers of these experiments, the exact classification of elephants was of no importance. In addition, it is concluded that the participation of African elephants in the Battle of Raphia can be assessed not as unequivocally as Polybius did; the Ptolemaic commander Echecrates could have used them as a “mobile shield” – in a way – in preparation for a decisive blow to the Seleucid flank (Polyb. V.85.1–3), thereby using them in a manner quite conventional to Hellenistic tactics.

Introduction. The article studies one of the most important issues related to Ashkharatsuyts (or Ancient Armenian Geography), the question of the history of its creation, i.e. its primary sources, which so far no one in science has tried to consider.

Materials and methods. The study is based both on narrative ancient sources and on ancient Armenian written monuments. Their comparison and comprehensive study allows for necessary conclusions. The study is based on hermeneutic and comparative research methods.

Analysis. Historical geography as a scientific discipline arose in the 6th c. BC and during the life of the first author of Ashkharatsuyts it already had a little more than a 1000 year-long history. As we have proved Ashkharatsuyts was based only on a narrow primary source base. We concluded that the main primary source of Ancient Armenian Geography was the Bible. With reference to Sovpar of Menaea, Apollinaria of Laodicea, Dionosius, Diodorus of Samea, Dionysius of Heraclea, Dionysius of Thracia, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Marinus of Tire, Cosme Indicopleus, as well as world-famous Homer, Aristotle and others, the authors of the Armenian work-source try to justify their views on the structure of the world. If these arguments seems insufficient, they also confirm their conjectures referring to God, Evangelists and church leaders. In all discussions, the main and central place is given to the Manual of Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις) of Claudius Ptolemaeus (Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Claudius Ptolemaeus, ca. 100 - approx. 170). We were also able to prove for the first time that even with the greatest desire, Ashkharatsuyts could not have any connection with Strabo’s Geography, which entered scientific circulation thanks to Stephen of Byzantium, i.e. in the process of presenting Ashkharatsuyts this work was not used.

Results. The author comes to the conclusion that Ashkharatsuyts, along with the works of Strabo, Ptolemy and other ancient historical geographers (from Anaximander of Miletus to Eratosthenes, Diodorus Siculus and finally Stephen of Byzantium) is also the most important source for studying issues of historical geography and cartography from ancient times until the 7th century AD.

Introduction. The relevance of the study lies in conducting a descriptive analysis of war films (1941-1945), which act as a powerful ideological weapon in the processes of forming a special value system of the war period. The article specifies the relationship between the real image of the hero and his artistic depiction in the Soviet cinema, reveals patterns in the formation of images of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, explores the possibilities of "film language" as an effective propaganda tool during the war. The formation of a common "film language", the recognition of the heroes of the film, the analysis of the dialogues of the main characters "for quotations" became a sign of the audience's success of the film, actualizing heroic models of social behavior. The creation of heroic images in films took place in the context of military action, which influenced both the plot line of war films and the symbolism and the specifics of the artistic "depiction" of heroism.

Materials and methods. This research is interdisciplinary in nature. In the course of the work, methods of historical research were used (historical and comparative analysis, historical and genetic, historical and typological methods, and a cultural and historical approach). Methods of related humanities disciplines were also used in the work: film studies methods, methods of visual anthropology when working with film sources, iconographic, imagological methods of analyzing a visual work, the method of hermeneutical analysis of cultural context, as well as an integrated approach to analyzing visual sources. Analysis. The article analyzes the images of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War created in the Soviet cinema of 1941-1945. It is emphasized that these images were often based on real exploits known to Soviet society. The main directions of heroization in wartime cinema are highlighted: heroic images of soldiers and commanders, as well as peasants and workers and intellectuals. Commanders are models to follow, and ordinary soldiers and sailors are ordinary citizens who stand up for the defense of the country. Soviet films reflect the nationwide nature of the war, where civilians trapped in occupation or working in the rear also show mass heroism on a par with soldiers at the front. A specific historical context, whether it was the defense of Leningrad or the Battle of Stalingrad, enhanced the impact of heroic images on viewers, making them the visual embodiment of real heroes. The scientific novelty of the study can be considered the definition of key types of heroic images (soldiers and commanders, peasants and workers, intellectuals) and their qualitative characteristics.

Results. The result of the study was the formulation of a general ideological characteristic of the hero of the Great Patriotic War, the heroic image of the entire Soviet people, the "collective hero" in the films of the Soviet era. The manifestation of Soviet patriotism during the Great Patriotic War, conditioned by the ideology of socialism and the "ideological" type of political man, had no historical analogues. The specificity of the manifestation of Soviet patriotism is directly related to the image of a Soviet man, courageously fighting for their Motherland, for public socialist ideals. The confrontation of ideologies in the Great Patriotic War ("fascism" - "communism") became a determining factor in the defeat of Nazi Germany, and the heroism of the Soviet people is forever inscribed in the history of the great victories of mankind.

Introduction. Russian researchers have studied certain aspects of the problem of implementing industrial and scientific and technical policy in the second half of the 1960s, however, issues related to the development of one of the key industries – electronic – require special consideration.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of declassified documents from the RGANI funds. The methodological basis was the theory of modernization.

Analysis. The problem of the development of the scientific and technical potential of the USSR electronic industry is considered in the context of the late industrial stage of modernization, the accelerating pace of the deployment of scientific and technical equipment and the implementation of economic reform in the mid-1960s.

Results. It is proved that along with the achievements, there was a serious lag between the USSR and the leading countries in the field of modernization of the electronic industry. Important documents were adopted providing for the implementation of measures to enhance innovation processes. However, there were no major breakthroughs. Concentrating resources on selected strategic areas, the current government did not include several key industries, including electronic, in this series, hoping to solve the problems that arose in them through the purchase of equipment, licenses, etc. This predetermined the preservation of the structural and technological imbalance of the economy. The pace of implementation and implementation of R&D turned out to be too slow. The factors of inhibition are rejection by the established system of alien management methods; the remaining shift of the center of gravity in management to the sectoral level, a departmental campaign that did not stimulate interaction, the implementation of intersectoral projects; the influence of the Prague events, the oil and gas factor; insufficiently qualified actions and conservative sentiments of the ruling elite, who ignored the recommendations of leading scientists. An organic combination of socio-economic and scientific-technical development, which is so necessary and adequate to the global trends in the development of science and technology, has not occurred in the country.

Introduction. The Chaons, a tribe that lived in the north of Epirus, were considered barbarians in the eyes of the Greeks for a long time in the eyes of the Hellenes. As they became involved in general Greek affairs, their natural desire was to prove their Hellenic origin, for which they resorted to the tried and tested way of creating a heroic genealogy, choosing the Trojan mythical hero Helenus as an eponym.

Materials and methods. The research is based on narrative sources presented by ancient authors, as well as on monuments of material culture, which include terracotta and votive tablets. Their comparison and comprehensive research allows us to reach the necessary conclusions.

Analysis. The Epirus tribes of the Chaons, who lived on the periphery of the Greek world and were considered barbarians in the eyes of the latter, sought to prove their Hellenic origin with the help of mythology. They chose Helenus, the son of King Priam, who possessed the gift of foresight, as the eponym of the tribe. The ancient Greek myths of Neotolemus and Helene were later supplemented by Roman authors who derived the Romans from their Trojan ancestors.

Results. Thus, by creating a heroic genealogy, the Chaons proved their Greek origin. The peculiarity of this process was that the royal power of the Chaons was abolished. On the other hand, the idea of the Trojan origin of the Chaons in order to deduce the origin of the Romans from their Trojan ancestors was picked up and developed by Roman authors. Thus, both the Chaons and the Romans received legendary and heroic ancestors.

Introduction. The epidemiological state of Georgievsky district was one of the most unfavorable in the territory of Stavropol after its liberation by Soviet troops from the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War. However, the reasons for the sharp deterioration of the sanitary and epidemiological situation, as well as the measures taken by the sanitary service of the Red Army to normalize the situation in epidemic foci, were not the subject of scientific research.

Materials and methods. The source base used was a set of archival documents, both previously published and introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, materials from periodicals, eyewitness accounts, and the results of previously conducted scientific research. The study follows the principles of historicism and objectivity.

Analysis. The main sources of outbreaks of infectious diseases in the Georgievsky district after its liberation from the occupiers were former Soviet servicemen who had been in German captivity and prisoners of war of the German army. In this regard, one of the most important tasks for normalizing the epidemiological situation in the district was the isolation and rapid reduction of the incidence rate of the contingent of special camp No. 261 and camp No. 147 of the NKVD of the USSR.

Results. Having failed to prevent the spread of epidemic diseases at the initial stage, in a relatively short time the specialists of the Red Army sanitary service localized the foci of infection, organized the treatment of patients and the prevention of new outbreaks of dangerous diseases. Subsequently, the contingent held in the NKVD camps did not serve as a source of the spread of infectious diseases among the civilian population of the region and their introduction into the troops.

Introduction. Orthodox female asceticism in the North Caucasus is a special page in the history of the region, about which little is known. The reason is that while the stavropegic women’s monasteries of Russia were included in all-Russian processes, and information about them has been preserved, on theoutskirtsofthecountrytheyledasolitaryChristianlifeandrarely became the centers of public attention. Appealing to fragmentary information from archival documents, the authors managed to trace the general trends of their development in the region, highlight the specific features of the situation of some of them.

Materials and methods. Using the example of the situation of women’s monasteries in the North Caucasus, the authors analyze their activities, determine the specifics of their position and status depending on the region of their location. Particular attention is paid to the role of the founders of the monastery and the personalities of their abbesses, which determined the fate of the monastery itself and influenced the nature of monastic everyday life.

Analysis. Despite the apparent isolation of the monasteries, their alienation from the secular world, the events taking place in our country at the beginning of the 20th century also influenced their monastic way of life. Problems of society, decline of morals, low public morality destroyed the established way of life for centuries, but many women’s monasteries were able to resist this merger, preserve traditions and, despite revolutionary events, revive Orthodoxy in society. The study follows the principles of an interdisciplinary approach, which allowed us to consider the problem in its entirety, combine data obtained in different areas of monastic life, look at the problem of the place of monasteries in Russian society of the 20th century. The method used allowed us to conduct a modern historical study from the standpoint of historical anthropology.

Results. As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that the influence of the outside world on the inner life of women’s monasteries led to certain manifestations of deviation, but their original way of life and deep involvement in the system of social relations did not allow them to become a support for revolutionary sentiments.

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is related to the important role of housing and communal services in the life of society and the possibility of using the Soviet experience in the development of housing and communal services in order to improve its organization in modern Russia. The novelty of the research is related to the study of an insufficiently disclosed problem in the historical literature, which has not received full coverage in the materials of the North Caucasus. The purpose of the study is to analyze the solution of housing and communal services problems in the North Caucasus during the Great Patriotic War.

Materials and methods. The principles of objectivity, historicism and a systematic approach were used in the preparation of the study, as well as special historical methods: historical-genetic, historical-comparative and statistical.

Analysis. By the early 1940s, some progress had been made in the housing and communal services sector, but there were also serious problems. During the war, this unfavorable situation has worsened many times. In such a difficult situation in the North Caucasus, there was a military restructuring in the work of all services and institutions of housing and communal services. It was complicated by a significant reduction in the material base and personnel. Despite this, local authorities implemented a set of measures aimed at preventing the consequences of enemy shelling and bombing, as well as providing life support to the population. The military actions in the summer of 1942 and the subsequent occupation by the enemy of a significant part of the territory of the North Caucasus led to huge destruction of residential buildings and other housing and communal services. As a result of the restoration of housing and communal services, it was possible to put into operation part of the housing stock, organize water and electricity supply, ensure the operation of mail and radio broadcasting, repair roads and other measures to improve settlements in the North Caucasus.

Results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the problems in the development of housing and communal services in the North Caucasus in the pre-war period increased many times during wartime, primarily due to the destructive actions of the enemy. The restoration of housing and communal services took place through the use of funds allocated by the authorities and the active involvement of the population in the improvement of settlements. The application of this set of measures made it possible to ease the housing crisis by the time the war ended and provide some residents with public utilities.

Introduction. The work analyzes the reaction of the mountain people of the North Caucasus to the ongoing processes of change in their everyday life, which can be considered revolutionary. For part of the population, they were unacceptable and caused various forms of rejection. Various ways of denying the new worldview and world order were chosen – from passive denial to armed resistance.

Materials and methods. The article is based on general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, and the system-structural method, reconstructs a holistic picture of the phenomenon designated as the “revolution of everyday life”. The emphasis is on resistance to this process on the part of part of North Caucasian society.

Analysis. With reference to the methods used to resist the imperial world order, the author identified several conditional social groups that differ from each other in their rejection of the “revolution of everyday life” that followed capitalist modernization. The part of the population least inclined to compromise chose to leave the land of their ancestors. Others preferred to continue their resistance with arms in hand and opposed their Muslim alternative to the “European” way of life. Another group made up of marginalized individuals known as abreks sought to defend their own way of life in the fight against the state. It seems appropriate to add to these protest communities also populist revolutionaries from among the educated mountain youth. They also criticized the changes taking place from the position of supporters of socialist ideals.

Results. The reaction to the ongoing changes led to a split in mountain society. For some, the new era of capitalist modernization has become a chance to improve their property and social status, while others, on the contrary, have lost their former privileges and confidence in the future. The challenges of the “revolution of everyday life” provoked persistent protest sentiments, which were shared by a considerable part of the local residents. Some were unequivocally opposed to the attacks on the “old times”, others were outraged not by the innovations themselves, but by the fact that they could not take advantage of them to the proper extent. There were also those who defended the ideals of social justice, and therefore the capitalist “revolution of everyday life” was interpreted by them in a negative way.

Introduction. The study of the NEP remains one of the urgent problems of modern Russian historiography, and a large number of studies in the post-Soviet period have not exhausted many subjects, including the historical description of the forms of production associations of peasant farms. The NEP opened up a wide scope for the production and economic consolidation of peasantry, but peasants preferred to use the traditional supriaga, which became a universal socio-economic tool and one of the main forms of production associations of peasant farms in the conditions of the restoration of agriculture.

Materials and methods. Based on the study of archival materials and historiographical facts, the lack of sustained and large-scale interest of Stavropol peasants in the creation of agricultural artels and communes is proved. The historical and statistical method is applied in the interpretation of the process of economic consolidation of the Stavropol peasantry by choosing the forms of association; the historical reconstruction of the entire volume of industrial relations and social interaction is carried out.

Analysis. Stavropol village in the years of the NEP turned its eyes to partnerships as the most acceptable form of collective farms (collective farms), and they gradually replaced the supryaga, therefore, types of partnerships multiplied, the number of their participants increased, which turned partnerships into a flexible social tool of the agrarian policy of the NEP period. "Wild" (unregistered) collective farms became a reality in the Stavropol District of the North Caucasus Region, since peasants were primarily attracted by production and economic opportunities, and only then they began to legally formalize the existing relations, since trust in the word of the peasant owner had not yet disappeared in the village.

Results. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the Stavropol peasantry has chosen simple small and large partnerships as an acceptable form of collective management. The historical reconstruction of industrial relations and social interaction that developed within each form of collective farms during the NEP years confirmed the need for their verbal and conceptual description, consistently performed within the framework of the article.

Introduction. The problems of international relations of the USSR and the Third Reich on the eve of World War II are an important subject field of historical science. However, some features of these relations associated with the fundamental ideological differences between National Socialism and Communism, the formation of the image of the enemy in the periodical press and, at the same time, the forced economic cooperation of both states, are not always reflected in the works of researchers of this historical period. The ideological basis formed in the researched period influenced the content of the image of the enemy formed in Soviet and German society.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of German and Soviet newspapers, as well as foreign policy documents, which reflect the interaction of the Soviet Union and Germany at the level of diplomatic workers. In the course of the work, the method of diachronic analysis was used, taking into account the principles of context and interdisciplinarity.

Analysis. The analysis showed that in the period under consideration, depending on the political situation in the world, there was a change in the narratives transmitted through the periodical press and public statements aimed at broad sections of the population and based on national socialist and communist ideologemes.

Results. Specific examples from the media are used to reveal the substantive part of the enemy image introduced into the public consciousness of the population of the USSR and Germany, as well as the features of bringing this image to the recipient and its conservation in the context of the changing political situation in the world. It is specified that the image of the USSR as Germany's enemy had significant differences from a similar image of Germany in the USSR.

Introduction. The peacekeeping operation in South Ossetia was the first mission in the post-Soviet space. It had a number of special features that are of scientific and practical interest in the context of peacekeeping activities in the territory of the former USSR. However, in historiography, the topic remains poorly studied because researchers have not previously conducted a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the operation in South Ossetia.

Materials and Methods. The article uses official documents and periodical press materials in the context of the peacekeeping operation in South Ossetia, which are analysed using historical-genetic, historical-comparative and historical-typological methods.

Analysis. The legal basis for the peacekeeping operation in South Ossetia was laid down in the Dagomys Agreement of 24 July 1992. The immediate objectives of the peacekeepers included the implementation of military, humanitarian, political and law enforcement tasks. The organizational structure of the mission was represented by a series of general and specialized bodies. The activities of the peacekeeping operation in South Ossetia can be conditionally divided into two stages: at the first stage (1992–2001) the organizational structure of the mission was formed and most of the assigned tasks were effectively carried out; at the second stage (2002–2008), due to sabotage and aggressive actions by Georgia the crisis of the operation began. The mission in South Ossetia had a number of characteristic features, including multitasking, bias, open-endedness, hidden personal leadership, and a ramified organizational structure.

Results. The operation in South Ossetia was characterized by average effectiveness in solving specific tasks, but its main goal of maintaining peace was not achieved due to aggressive actions of Georgia in the 2000s, as well as due to the very specifics of the mission with all its features, shortcomings and limitations.

Introduction. The Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (since 1952, the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) are parties that came to power in the PRC and the FPRY respectively as a result of World War II, national liberation and social revolutions (1945-1949 and 1945, respectively. The history of the relationship between these two actors of the international communist movement developed in a very complex and contradictory way. This article examines the dynamics of inter-state and inter-party relations between the PRC and Yugoslavia. The scale and nature of interaction between these two parties and states was in close interrelation with their relations with the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (since 1952 - the CPSU) and the USSR. 
Materials and methods. The article analyses official party documents of the CPC, CPSU/UKY and CPSU, transcripts of meetings of leaders of these parties and states, minutes of meetings and reports of the Cominfom, party newspapers and magazines, personal notes of party leaders, as well as literature on the problems of relations between the CPC/ PRC, UKY/Yugoslavia and the CPSU/USSR. The authors used the following methods in their research: narrative, reconstruction, historical-genetic, comparative-historical and historicaltypological methods. 
Analysis. The International Communist Movement (hereinafter - ICM) unites communist parties, organizations and movements all over the world, striving to build a society based on socialist principles and, ultimately, to transition to communism. The communist movement was formed on the basis of the teachings of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Lenin, and later developed with the influence of leaders and, over time, becoming theorists such as Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong and Josip Broz Tito. After the October Revolution, in 1919 the Comintern, an organization uniting the communist parties of various countries, was established in Russia and existed until 1943.
It was succeeded by Cominform (Information Bureau of Communist and Workers' Parties), which operated from 1943- 1956 and united the most influential communist parties in Europe. CominformincludedtheAll-UnionCommunistPartyofBolsheviks, as well as the Communist Parties of Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, France and Italy. The central printed organ of the organisation was the newspaper ‘For lasting peace, for people's democracy!’, initially published in Belgrade, and after the beginning of the conflict between the USSR and Yugoslavia in 1948, in Bucharest. One of the main tasks of the Cominform was to combat ideological deviations within the communist movement. The decision to dissolve Cominform was taken on 17 April 1956. The official reason was the desire of the USSR and its allies to strengthen international communist cooperation on a bilateral basis rather than through a centralized structure. However, the real reason was the gradual decentralization of the ICD, which began after the 20th Congress of the CPSU in 1956. After the abolition of the Cominform, the ICD functioned at the level of meetings of communist and workers' parties - world, pan-European and socialist countries. 
Results. Based on the results of the study, the authors concluded that in 1945-1957 the relations between the ruling communist parties underwent a complex evolution.

Introduction. A well-organized interaction of the subjects of the investigation is in many ways the key to prompt and comprehensive establishment of all the circumstances to be proved and, as a result, the achievement of the goals of criminal proceedings. This topic has not been neglected by scientists, processualists and criminologists, whose works have significantly enriched the theory of these legal sciences, however, unfortunately, they have not covered all the existing problematic issues. And if the scientific community is almost unanimous on issues of interaction, then in another part of them, including of a practical nature, there remains much to discuss, and there are points of view on them that are not only contradictory, but also diametrically opposed.

Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of texts of legal scientific literature devoted to the issues of interaction between an investigator and an employee of an operational unit, as well as modern judicial and investigative law enforcement practice and regulatory legal acts regulating this aspect of law enforcement; the methodological basis of this research is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main place is occupied by methods of information processing and logical analysis, synthesis induction, deduction, and generalization.

Analysis. The vision of the concept, tasks, principles and forms of interaction between employees of the preliminary investigation bodies and employees of operational investigative units presented in the work, based on the analysis of existing points of view on the phenomenon under consideration, the regulatory legal framework and judicial investigative practice, makes it possible to approach the resolution of some of the existing problematic issues of the organization and implementation of interaction of investigative subjects during identification and investigation crimes.

Results. The work, among other things, examines the legal basis of interaction with a sufficient degree of care; an employee of the investigative unit and an employee of the operational unit are considered both participants in criminal proceedings and as subjects of cooperation in the process of disclosure and investigation of a criminal offense; in the context of modern effective interaction of these subjects.

Introduction. Introduction. Constitutional legal proceedings occupy a special place in the human rights mechanism. The place of constitutional justice in the system of the human rights mechanism is due to the fact that the legal relations that make up this element are law enforcement and are directly related to the commission of illegal actions by the subject of legal relations. Of great importance is the realization of rights and obligations, which is the behavior of subjects of certain legal relations. It is expressed in the form of compliance, performance and use. When trying to compare constitutional legal proceedings with other forms of administration of justice, it is worth noting that it is derived from other forms of judicial protection.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is formed by general scientific (analysis, analogy, classification, generalization of research materials) and private scientific (formal legal, comparative legal and technical legal) methods of cognition. Descriptive and comparative methods were also used. The works of M.V. Baglaya, A.V. Malko and A.A. Mishin served the general theoretical basis of the research.

Analysis. A constitutional complaint may not be filed against all normative acts. Acts of Ministries may not be the subject of a constitutional complaint. In case of appeal to the Constitutional Court of the order, which is also a regulatory legal act, the complaint will be declared inadmissible. In addition, the normative acts of local selfgovernment bodies also cannot be the subject of a constitutional complaint.

Results. The subject of the constitutional complaint in Russia has undergone significant changes. Initially, the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation” defined the subject of the complaint as the law. Subsequently, regulatory acts were identified that may be the subject of consideration by the Constitutional Court of Russia.

Introduction. The article analyzes certain problematic aspects of the investigation of criminal cases related to violation of traffic rules and operation of vehicles.

Materials and methods. The author has used general scientific methods: systemic and dialectical methods of cognition, as well as special methods of logical, historical, sociological, and comparative legal analysis.

Analysis. The study of the practice of investigative bodies, materials of judicial practice, reviews and analysis of theoretical studies related to the investigation of crimes related to violations of traffic rules and vehicle operation shows that often the violation of the timing of investigative measures and the reason for the termination of criminal cases is the unsatisfactory quality of the investigation, individual measures as a way of collecting evidence in this category crimes. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problematic aspects of collecting physical evidence as a method of proof in the investigation of crimes related to violations of traffic rules and vehicle operation.

Results. The analysis of scientific works and practice materials of investigative bodies and courts has shown that paying due attention to the collection and analysis of physical evidence will reduce the time of investigation, prepare the evidence base for making a fair and reasonable decision in this category of crimes.

Introduction. The article discusses the problems of providing specially protected areas and facilities with legal protection measures. The abundance of areas of the natural environment classified as protected, the lack of their systematization, the multitude of legal sources, the use of nonunified terminology lead to problems of legal qualification of delinquent behavior.

Materials and methods. When writing the article, both general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge were used, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, logical, comparative legal and other relevant methods.

Analysis. Legal responsibility as a reaction of the state to the unlawful behavior of subjects pursues several goals: from the suppression of an unlawful act, the punishment of the perpetrators to the education of both the violators themselves and other persons, and the restoration of violated public relations. Therefore, it is important that the act designated as an offense be correctly formulated in the normative legal acts of the protective branches of legislation, thereby giving law enforcement officers the opportunity to adequately qualify them. Specially protected territories and sites need legal protection more than any other due to their uniqueness, vulnerability, vastness of species, ecological and recreational significance.

Results. The analysis of the legislation made it possible to identify the shortcomings inherent in the legal protection of these territories and facilities and suggest ways to improve the legislation.

Introduction. The work is devoted to the analysis of certain issues of legal regulation of administrative liability for offenses in the field of countering extremism. Based on the author’s understanding of these categories, the article attempts to construct a classification of administrative offenses of extremist nature. Analyzing the resulting set of rules on administrative offenses, the author focuses on part of the compositions, the generic object of which is public order and public safety.

Materials and methods. The use of methods of formal legal analysis, coupled with an appeal to the positions of researchers of administrative responsibility for offenses in the field of countering extremism, made it possible to come to the conclusion that it is advisable to revise certain legislative provisions on the procedure for applying and the scope of administrative responsibility in the area of public relations under consideration.

Analysis. The norms of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses are considered, establishing a number of elements of administrative offenses of an extremist nature. The author’s critical view of the applied administrative coercion measures, coupled with modern realities, in which state policy to consolidate society around the national idea in the face of a complex set of external and internal challenges, allowed us to conclude that it is advisable to tighten administrative liability for extremist offenses and revise certain provisions on administrative punishments. Despite the legal restrictive nature of these proposals, the author justifies their expediency in the context of the growing flow of information due to the development of communications, the unfair use of which can create a threat to national security.

Results. The measures proposed by the author are aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the mechanism of administrative responsibility in terms of its compliance with the principle of proportionality and effectiveness in the fight against manifestations of extremism.

Introduction. Modern linguistics is characterized by an increased interest in understanding the phenomenon of “homo loquens”, which brings the discourse of philosophical hermeneutics into the focus of research. The tendency towards expansionism and interdisciplinarity in the linguoepisteme of recent years confirms the relevance of the analysis of meaningderivation in hermeneutics, including that carried out through composite occasionalisms. The purpose of the study is to identify and study the meaning-derivation specifics of composite occasionalisms in the fundamental work by M. Heidegger – Being and Time, created within the framework of philosophical hermeneutics.

Materials and methods. The research material includes 320 composite occasionalisms from the book Being and Time by M. Heidegger. The research methods are structural and semantic interpretation, component and hermeneutic analysis, revealing the features of philosophical noematics in acts of philosophical reflection.

Analysis. Special attention is paid to the syntactic and semantic classification of occasional German composites, within the framework of which the predominance of composite sentences as markers of M. Heidegger’s idiostyle is revealed. The authors claim that composites of this type are used by the philosopher as an occasional nomination of the phenomenon of being, as well as fear and alienation of the individual in society. The frequency of occasional composites with an aposiopesis component in the form of a pragmatically marked zero sign is noted. Such a strategy of text construction is interpreted as an appellative function of composite occasionalisms of this type, encouraging recipients to reflect on the discussed philosophical issues.

Results. The results of the study demonstrate a bright meaning-derivative potential of occasional composites in M. Heidegger’s discourse, which is associated with the implementation of cognitive, coherentforming and appellative functions. Additive meanings of noematic nature, expressed by composite occasionalisms, impart emotionality and expressiveness to the philosophical text.

Introduction. The problem of determinologization of terms from the field of psychology is caused by their transition from the sphere of professional communication into spoken everyday speech, as well as into the mass media, in particular, television. The reason for this is the popularization of psychotherapeutic care. The comparison of the scientific meaning of psychological terms with their contextual meanings allows us to identify the features of the course of this process. The relevance of the article is based on the lack of works devoted to the processes associated with the loss of psychological terms of their terminological meaning outside the framework of scientific discourse.

Materials and methods. The terms from the field of psychology and their meanings fixed in special dictionaries of psychological terms, as well as contextual meanings found in modern entertainment TV shows served the material of the work. General scientific and special linguistic methods were used.

Analysis. The author examines the meanings of psychological terms fixed in psychological encyclopedic dictionaries and dictionaries of psychological terms and identifies psychological terms that are most susceptible to the process of determinologization. These include terms that primarily denote the processes, conditions and results of performing specific actions aimed at a person, as well as terms denoting the emotional states. The author comes to the conclusion about the nature of the determinologization process by highlighting the vertex generic and specific semes in the definitions of the named lexemes obtained as a result of the analysis of the contextual use of psychological terms.

Results. Thus, the author shows that the process of determinologization is widespread in the speech of the heroes of modern entertainment TV shows, as a result of which the psychological term may partially or completely lose its terminological meaning.

Introduction. This work is a comprehensive study of documentary film discourse as an institutional form of communication. Documentaries play an important role in the political and educational spheres, acting as a tool of influence and propaganda due to the evaluative vector of presenting real events that are significant for society, which determines their special socio-cultural and pragmatic potential.

Materials and methods. The anthropocentric approach to the study of documentary film discourse as a semiotically complex unity predetermined the use of a comprehensive methodology, including discourse analysis techniques in the aspect of studying the verbal presentation of communicants' intentions, content analysis with an emphasis on information about pastevents and their socio-cultural significance, semiotic analysis in the aspect of identifying meaningful elements of the image. The sociolinguistic approach made it possible to describe the institutional parameters of documentary film discourse. The material for the study was the documentary film "The Royal House of Windsor" (2017) of the British TV channel Channel 4.

Analysis. The study of the institutionality of documentary film discourse shows how language shapes social reality and ethnocultural identity within the framework of the film industry institution. The analysis of the documentary film discourse presented by the film "The Royal House of Windsor" (2017) is carried out based on the sociolinguistic approach of V. I. Karasik: participants (directors, experts, viewers), chronotope, purpose and values of the discourse. Documentary film discourse is a complex dynamic process of interaction between a collective author within the framework of the film industry institution, managing the narrative, heroes and experts, on the one hand, and a viewer participating in the process of decoding and interpreting the film, on the other.

Results. The study shows that the institutional characteristics of documentary film discourse as a complexly organized semiotic unity are associated with many social institutions, while revealing close interaction with educational, scientific and mass media discourses. Documentary discourse is characterized by a cause-and-effect narrative and complex meaning-making through audiovisual elements that form holistic images and unique structures of the film. The goal of documentary film discourse is to critically examine historical events, educate the interested viewer and activate his cognitive activity. In terms of genre, the film under study reveals features of both a popular science subgenre and an educational one.