The author considers different points of view on the term «historical memory», its parameters and positioning in different contexts. The interest in models of historical memory is associated with the search for new methodological foundations of modern historical science in its global, national, state and local aspects. The author studies the construction of historical memory model in the community from the perspective of creating social identity in the context of the power motivation. The phenomenon is the instrument of this process. With the reference to a new hypothesis of classical and nonclassical methods of historiography, the article shows an example of the study of historical memory in a locus.

The article features a brief outline of relations between Azerbaijan and Russia in the field of culture XIX - early XX centuries. Numerous examples are referred to in order to disclose the role and importance of the Azerbaijani Turkic language, assessment of its Russian writers, poets and orientalists. It demonstrates the interaction between different cultures in the field of literature, music, theatre and visual arts. The cultural policy of the Russian Empire is represented as a part of the state policy to consolidate the position in the Caucasus.

The Islamization of the peoples in the North Caucasus starts with the Arab campaigns in the region in VII-VIII centuries. Further, the Eastern direction was stimulated by both external (Iran, the Ottoman Empire, etc.) and internal (the ruling upper classes of Dagestan and the Muslim clergy) actors. The Islamization of Chechnya came from Dagestan and to a lesser extent it came to Ingushetia. From the coast of the Black sea (the West direction), Islam spread among the Adyghe peoples as a result of the activities of the Turkish and Crimean missionaries and gazis. Another direction was the North: the new religion was quickly established on the plain and then moved to the mountains. A number of areas experienced a cross impact of several directions.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of Protestantism in America since settlement of north-eastern colonies settlers from England. The analysis of characteristics typical of religious doctrine of American Protestantism and its various denominations is represented. It speciies both new features acquired from the experience of the life of the colonists in the New World and the ones brought from the mother country. The study focuses on the «Great Awakening», the first evangelical movement in North America in 1720-1760 related to religious renewal in society and the church.

The article highlights the new processes in the agriculture, which took place in the North-Caucasian region with reforms of Alexander II. The processes developed differently in social groups of the population, but gradually political stabilization and reforms promoted the influence of the capitalist principle in economic relations. Natural economy was exposed to the market pressure and the tendency was an essential condition of success in overcoming the consequences of cataclysms, which had taken place in previous decades.

Having appeared as early as the XIX century, academic interest towards the history and culture of people inhabiting the shore of Lake Van in Russian science got its development in the beginning of the following century. In the years of World War I Nikolay Marr, Joseph Orbeli, Aleksander Miller - the representatives of St. Petersburg School of Oriental Studies took a research trip to Van region for complex studying of ancient and medieval monuments as well as the traditional way of living of the Armenian people inhabiting the region. With the reference to conceptual foundations of paleoethnological school, the officer of the ethnographical department of the Russian museum and the participant of the expedition A. Miller aimed to specify and fix archaic traits remaining in traditional culture including dwelling, handicraft tools, utensils, costume. As a result of the expedition there were collections of items bought by A. Miller as well as photographs made by his oficers and him personally during the trip.

Paleoethnology was a discipline to hold certain temporary position in the history of archeology and ethnography. In Russia it prospered in the 1920s, which was mainly due to the development of world science in the preceding period. In the implementation of the principles of paleoethnology a significant role belonged to museum organizations, in particular the Ethnographic department of the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg - Leningrad (EDRM). Alexander Miller (1875-1935), a prominent representative of national trends of paleoethnology, largely determined the principles of EDRM work up to the 1930's. A. Miller developed methods of field work, combined ethnographic and archaeological research incorporating archaic search in folk culture.

The study does not focus on the actions of political elites in a second phase of perestroika (1988-1990) in this article. The object of the research is small social groups, such as "Zashchita", which were rather marginal even in a large Soviet city of Rostov-on-Don. Such groups are considered to be informal. During perestroika such informal groups were strong supporters of the reform ideas of the Communist Party. They were independent socio-political force in large urban centers of the USSR. It explains the interest in members of Rostov social informal groups. Relevant historical documents were analyzed according to historical anthropology, sociolinguistics and historical sociology.

The article is devoted to scientific work of central academic institutions, provincial scientific societies and institutions of the North Caucasus in the second half of XIX - the first quarter of the XX century. The article analyzes the dynamics of accumulation of source base, revealed the organization and functioning of the archaeological research, methods of accumulation and analysis of the material, as well as the development and the results of theoretical research in the North Caucasus during this chronological period. The influence of socio-cultural and regional conditions in the organizational and substantive scope of archaeological research. First of all, it is the effect of the central academic institutions, manifested in the implementation of archaeological research in the North Caucasus region. Scientiic Society of the North Caucasus was the social and scientific center of local intelligentsia, so their educational activities formed the public opinion about the need to preserve the monuments.

The meaning and signiicance of «topogenesis» concept in Eurasianism is analyzed. Its multipartite character, reflected in the theories of P. Savitsky and his successor K. Chkheidze, the only one of the Eurasians from the North Caucasus, is emphasized. K. Chkheidze manifested the idea of Topogenesis of that local region and at the same time proved the (utopian) idea of Global Topogenesis. Specific forms of common life of Slavic and North Caucasian, as well as South Caucasian ethnic groups were developed in the North Caucasian region. In this regard, the role of such centers as Derbent, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, and to an even greater extent - Tbilisi and Baku, on the one hand, and Stavropol, Krasnodar - on the other is only to be igured out.

Derbent entered the historical literature as one of the largest Islamic centers in the Caucasus, where Muslim ideology was actively spread by the Arabs from the mid-seventh century. However, early medieval Albanian and Armenian sources show that the first world religion, perceived by the population of Derbent was Christianity. St. Elisha began to preach it in the city Choga (Derbent) in the 60s of the irst century, ordained by Jacob, the first Patriarch of Jerusalem, brother of Jesus Christ. The Church calls this initial phase of Christianisation in Caucasian Albania, including Derbent, the apostolic one. The second stage followed in IV - irst half of V century and was initiated by the Holy Grigoris, the first head of the Albanian Church, who died at the hands of the Maskuts, who lived in the area of Derbent passage. The third stage succeeded in the mid-ifth to mid-sixth century, when Derbent became the main bulwark against the Albanian king Vache II in the attempts of Sassanian Iran to impose zoroastrianism on the people of the Caucasus. Since the 60s of the V century until the middle of the VI century Derbent was the residence of the head of the Albanian Church (Catholicos).

A series of articles examines the problem of functioning of different forms of historical knowledge in cross-cultural space of the North Caucasus in 19 - early 20th century. The first paper focuses on functioning of local oral tradition, an Islamic historical writing and the European model of history introduced by the Russian Empire which in the form of popular history (nonacademical) was positioned by the Russian teachers, military and officials. The conclusion is drawn that the European model of historical knowledge began to displace other practices of constructing the past from the region as "erroneous" and "unscientific"ones .

The article considers regional publications about the 1917 Revolution in Stavropol region. The succession of methodological methods and ideological opinions is tracked by the examples in works by F.M. Golovenchenko and N. Ivanko and different historical essays. Specific characteristics of Soviet historiography are the limited character of the source base and selective approach to the sources. Ideological emotional evaluations and automatic differentiation of revolution participants displaced the balance of methodological methods. The main conclusion is about the necessity of scrutinizing the topic.

The article discusses the activities of Russian philological seminary in the Leipzig, Germany, in 1873-1890. This unique overseas educational institution was designed to train the teachers of ancient languages for Russian schools. A quarter of the seminary students were Austro-Hungarian Slavs, mostly Czechs. After graduation they worked as teachers in different regions of Russia, they contributed to the cause of education. Teacher's immigration is an important part of the Austro-Hungarian resettlement community in Russia.

The article deals with the role of Condotti captains and their units in the socio-political life of Italy XIV-XV centuries. On the basis of urban chronicles and diaries of anonymous citizens, the author considers the factor of necessary recruitment of military units as one of the most important factor in the policies of the Italian city-states. The author also concerns the problem of integrating military hired class into socio-economic institutions in the municipalities of cities - their impact on the economy and the daily lives of citizens. This study focuses on the topical issue of leadership of the commander in terms of the strategic posture of fighting.

The article is devoted to peculiarities of activities of local churches, primarily Pentecostal in Africa. Without denial of occult and related practices, they recognize their preaching activity to the extent that they rely on the occult, and how through God they can defeat it. This discourse is currently in contact with the particular trends caused by neoliberalists turn. As the occult coexists with modernization, the Pentecostal Church is an institution which, on the one hand, seeks to minimize problems associated with modernization, on the other, connects with its objectives and ethics.

The development of the military-political situation in the world clearly demonstrates the importance of further enhancing the combat potential of the Armed Forces. A factor of prime importance in this case is to ensure that the level of education of oficers, which will allow them to meet their professional duties in any environment. In this regard, the study of the experience of command staff training in a complex international situation, the beginning of the twentieth century, is very important. This article is devoted to the consideration of measures aimed at improving the training of future oficers in the military system of secondary education in the Russian army in the period preceding the First World War.

The article analyzes the correlation between Girolamo Savonarola's participation in the political reform in Florence in the late 15th century and his prophetic mission, as well as his ideas on the spiritual reform of the Church and society. The beginning of the French military campaign in Italy and the proscription of Piero de'Medici from Florence in November 1494 contributed to increasing the influence of Savonarola in the political life of the city. His sermon on the need for a spiritual reformation, based on the observance of the evangelical commandment of love for God and one's neighbour, is organically combined with the repose of the «public good» as the policy basis. Consequently, according to the prophet, the moral perfection of citizens must ensure the observance of the «public good» principle in social life, and the law of universal peace and the establishment of the Great Council must become its practical implementation.

The article covers the political position of Cilician Armenia in the state of confrontation of the Third Crusade participants and the Ayyubid sultanate (1190). Due to the flexible policy, that was held by the Prince Levon II (in 1198 he was crowned as king Levon I) and catholicos Gregory IV, they succeeded not only to evade clashes with those two strong powers, but also enlarged the territory of the Armenian princedom. A crucial role in that situation played the letters of catholicos Gregory IV sent to Frederick I Barbarossa and to Salah al-Din. In this article a comparative overview of different approaches of the scholars is made regarding that correspondence, as well as the investigation and comparative analysis of Arab medieval sources is presented.

The article is devoted to transformation processes of Rostov (Don, later North Caucasus) University in 1920s. It deals with the issues of change in higher education management in the USSR on the basis of archival materials. By the example of the Don University such complex processes in education management of those times as the introduction of free education, expanding enrolment, reduction of training time, increase in centralization of University management are evaluated. The article highlights some trends in the development of the University during NEP period, peculiarities of educational process in comparison with the pre-revolutionary period. It is evaluated how the University implemented power prescriptions and specific features of the development of the University during the relevant period are highlighted.

The article examines the problem of studying the process of establishment of legal anthropology as an independent direction of jurisprudence, which is of interest for present-day foreign and national scientists. The process of integrating philosophy, sociology, history, ethnology and other sciences in the subject of legal anthropology meets the demands of jurisprudence development at a certain stage of society and state development. The personalities of European and North American scientists, who in the author's view made the most significant contribution to the establishment of legal anthropology, have been selected. The article provides a brief analysis of fundamental philosophic works containing basic provisions, which determined the development of different aspects of anthropology.

The author examines the current situation with the official theory of law in the Russian Federation, makes a comparative analysis of basic law concepts, which have evolved over the past two hundred years, and draws conclusions about the legal and regulatory provisions of the Constitution, reflecting today's legal views and spiritual values of political elites. Special attention is paid to the development of legal state and its principles concepts, as well as the norms of the Russian Constitution and the provisions, which are aimed at the prospects for the development of our state.

The Russian legislator has inally determined the legal nature of a parking lot by means of simplification of its civil law circulation. Since 1 January 2017 the Civil Code of the Russian Federation deines it as an independent object of real estate. The changes affected the norms of the Town Planning Code, the cadastre law, state registration of real estate law. The acts of the Russian Federation Ministry of Economic Development, which codify, specify and clarify the concept and the legal regime of a parking lot, have come into force.

The article describes the problems of modern regulation of responsibility for violation of the rights of participants of corporate relations to protect the interests of the corporate entity and its participants from negative consequences caused by the violation of their corporate rights. The article analyzes the peculiarities of liability that applies to the subjects of corporate relations. The authors attempt to justify the peculiarities of corporate responsibility, allowing to characterize it as independent of the Institute of corporate law.

The author explores the stage of development of Ukrainian institute of advocacy in 1917-1992, which was given the name of «Soviet» («post-revolutionary») period in the legal literature. The conclusion is that this period is characterized by a significant number of events which influenced the development of the national Institute of the Bar Association. The article notes that this period features the first reference to terms «lawyer» and «advocacy» in the legal acts, and the first cases to provide a legal definition of «advocacy». It is pointed out that during the period the legal profession was officially recognized by a constitutional body for the first time.

The article describes the concept of the legal and constitutional and legal status of election commissions on the basis ofthe analysis, approaches to determining the constitutional and legal status of the subjects of the constitutional-legal relations, taking into account the peculiarities of the construction of the system of election commissions of the Russian Federation. The study specifies the main elements and properties of the status of commissions, guarantees of their activities, rights, duties and responsibilities. The election commission are considered as the subjects of the constitutional-legal relations, the legal status of which is characterized as public status authorities with a special status.

The article is devoted to the stylistic features of phraseology in politic-economic journalism, correlating with their expressive potential. The theoretical analysis and taxonomic method allow to characterize the journalistic style in modern times and identify the phraseological classification whereas the main classifying features are the meaning and structure. The authors emphasize the appropriateness of the multidisciplinary approach in further studies of phraseology.

The authors dwell on certain aspects of communicative equivalence in translation, namely, the role of the translator's background awareness is viewed as a key factor that may have an impact on proper interpretation of the original message at perceiving, which, in turn, would allow offering a duly composed translation in the target language to the end recipient. The examples are taken from an authentic English text from a newspaper that highlights MMA events which have been getting more and more coverage in the recent years, thus suggesting that such texts are attracting more and more attention from the Russian fans and this, respectively, shall need more of translation.

The article studies general structural peculiarities of the utterance, which play the leading role in comprehension and decoding of text information and realize the perlocution effect most effectively. Different models and methods of assessing individual memory volume capacity are viewed as the key criterion to specify the degree of dependency of the cognitive process of perception and decoding of the graphic text on reflexive reality characteristics. The study features an attempt to reveal the opportunities for application of individual memory volume capacity in the process of defining the level of utterance comprehension in graphic text representation.

Review article «Small and great things» by an outstanding social and literary figure of the era of «the second going to the people», one of the ideologists of «cultural» course in legal populism of 1880s-1890s, Ya. V. Abramov (1858-1906), which is dedicated to Anton Chekhov's story «House with a mezzanine», has not yet attracted the attention of researchers, although it represents methodologically sound and scientifically credible interpretation of the moral and aesthetic position of the author, embodied in this work. Genre synthesis of literary criticism and journalistic principles, characteristic of the article by Y. Abramov, is due to the desire of the reviewer to represent the peaceful program of gradual progress of Russia in the name of the liberation of the people from the material needs and spiritual enlightenment. The essence of the program, the contents of which can not be labeled with the term «abramovschina», is revealed during the analysis of the dialogical nature of the artistic interpretation of the author of «House with a mezzanine», the theory and practice of «small deeds». Occupying a special position in the reformist populism and actualizing the idea of democratic enlightenment, Ya. V. Abramov sees «modest activity» of supporters of the «small deeds» not as universal means of social and cultural progress, but as historically determined form of socially useful activity. It is, as shown in the «Small and great things» article, associated with the implementation of the main goals of «great cultural work» and aims to change the entire «order of life», to achieve the ideals of humanism, individual liberty and social justice. As the phenomenon of intellectual history, the ideological legacy of Y. Abramov, a thinker and writer, is particularly relevant in today's Russia.

The article describes graphic interference in Russian speech of the Chechens-bilinguals on the material of such a nomination, as the nickname in Internet forums. The author describes the named nicknames on different grounds: gender, belonging to the vocabulary of Russian, Chechen and other languages, in relation to the word, phrase, or a sentence, according to the specifics of graphic design. The author identifies active contacting and mixing of Russian and Chechen, and Russian, English and Chechen cultures in lexico-graphic design of nicknames of Chechens-bilinguals.

The article presents characteristics of auto-descriptive text by I. G. Ehrenburg, the analysis of which allows to solve the problem of a method of investigation of such text by means of semiotics. The observations and insights of the writer, including linguistic phenomena, form a semiotic paradigm, and semiotic analysis reveals the author's code and outlines a number of laws of autodescriptive text. This text is considered as a complex semiotic system that is created with a well-defined objective and functions in the current communication conditions.

The article studies the problem of interrelations of RATIO and AFFECTIO components in thinking process within complex semantic relative construction reliance explicating the generalized emotive-axiological sense. Authors discover the general cognitive basis of sense emotive components within the frames of concrete semiosis situations and give the main principles of relative constructions with emotive-axiological dominant sense planes typification in different speech acts.

The article features the reflection of the main development trends of Triolet in the Russian poetry of the XVIII-XX centuries, connected with dialectics the interaction of contrasts: traditional and innovative, stable and variable, symmetry and asymmetry, architectonic and composition, statics and dynamics; a classification and description of the main models of the Russian Triolet, poetic analysis of Triolets by M. N. Murav'eva, P. P. Sumarokov, N. M. Karamzin, P. A. Belskogo, Feodor Sologub and Igor Severyanin results in specification of aesthetic potential of genre and strophic form.

The article studies the challenges of European identity as apolitical concept at the stage of its establishment. Identity is viewed as the result of socio-cultural self-knowledge process, which is characterized by discreteness and continuity. The study of German scientific identity discourse, specification of nucleus and periphery nominations for European identity notion and the reference to the data of German newspaper corpora reveal the multilayer character of the concept, as well as the fact that in line with European identity there is a number of other types, such as individual, collective, social, political, regional and national.

The article studies general peculiarities of nominative potential as regards interjection and relative constructions in verbalizing and making explicit emotive situations in the process of production and perception of emotive texts. Multilayer hierarchy of sense in constructions under consideration, as well as their nominative potential can be realized according to certain "action schemes" with the reference to such constants as situational character, intentionality, modality and background knowledge. One of the key conditions to produce a highly performative effect by means of reference to subjective emotive, appealing and other relative constructions is the functional unity of formal text organization and the depicted emotive situation.