GERMAN COLONISTS DURING THE WORK OF POLITICAL DEPARTMENTS IN TIME OF COLLECTIVIZATION ON THE DON

On the basis of archival materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the article examines the historical everyday life of German colonists in the context of socialist reforms in agriculture. For the analysis, four groups of German colonies were selected, which were among the Upper Don settlements (collective farms), which had not previously attracted the attention of researchers and were administratively located in the Tarasovsky region of the North Don district of the North Caucasian (Azov-Black Sea) region. These colonies did not have any special status, but due to their rather homogeneous ethnic composition, they constituted isolated German settlements, where mainly German was spoken in everyday life, and many local residents did not know Russian. The formation of collective farms markedly changed the usual life of the German colonists, their real economic situation worsened, and they began to receive more food and money aid from their historical homeland (das Vaterland) more actively. With the arrival of Adolf Hitler, parcels from Germany to the Soviet outback began to be perceived by the party- Soviet leadership as «counter-revolutionary actions» of the German population, which was considered by the Bolshevik nomenclature as a possible ifth column, which Hitler actually hoped for. However, the majority of the population of the German colonies lived with simple everyday worries about their daily bread. When, during the work of political departments in time of collectivization, in 1934, the state of affairs on the collective farms began to improve, the former colonists, and now collective farmers, were sincerely happy not only about the opportunity to receive payment in kind for their workdays, but also to ind ordinary things for their shock work in the form of boots, coats, cutting fabric, or replenish your personal subsidiary farm with a piglet, heifer, chickens. They were not averse to celebrating their successes in hard agricultural work with the whole colony with a good snack and Russian vodka. Among the Russian Germans in the Upper Don settlements there were many people who were ready to serve the Soviet regime with faith and truth.

collectivization, collective farm, commission, Germans, premium, social examination, drummer

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