The article focuses on the charitable activities of the Armenian businessmen in the resort town of Pyatigorsk in the end of XVIII - beginning of XX centuries. The authors note that the entrepreneurs of Armenian origin pursued their own interests as well as contributed to the prosperity of their native city. Decades later, their charitable activities may serve an example to follow.

The article is devoted to the emergence and formation of the Syrian tetrapolis, their role and significance in the Seleucid and Roman periods. The cities were named after the members of the royal family, which greatly increased their status. With the foundation of tetrapolis, Seleucus I carried out his plans to enter the Mediterranean, which largely ensured the economic growth of the Seleucid state. Those were the cities, which allowed the Seleucids to control the vast possessions of the state and strengthen the royal power. In the Roman period the tetrapolis underwent partial reconstruction, as a result, the architecture of the cities began to acquire Roman features. Economically, the cities have grown considerably stronger due to active trade and reasonable policy of Roman authorities.

The problem of the Second World War occupies an important place in modern historical science. Its lessons allow avoiding the decisions that lead not only to failure in domestic and foreign policy, but also to the collapse of political regimes. The article reveals the measures taken by the leadership of Nazi Germany in 1942-1944 as regards total mobilization of all national resources to achieve victory in the Sec- ond World War. The study shows role of the Minister of Armament, A. Speer, and other leaders of the Third Reich in carrying the campaign, which ultimately did not change the course of military operations, and led Hitlerism to collapse.

In ancient Armenian geography («Ashkharat-suyts») the authors - historian Movses Khorenatsi (V century) and geographer Anania Shirakatsi (VII century) - paid great attention to historical, geographical and ethnographic description of the Caucasus. North Caucasus as a whole was a part of the territory of the Asiatic Sarmatia (Sarmatia Asiatica). Ptolemy presented Sarmatia on a corresponding map consisting of two parts (European and Asian). The same pattern is observed in «Ashkharatsuyts». «Ashkharatsuyts» expands the data about the North Caucasus, which we ind in the works of ancient historians and geographers - Strabo and Ptolemy.

This article reveals the views of Fatih Amirkhan on the subject of famine of 1921 in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan and the problems of the Tatar people entailedby it. It is reflected in his diary entries, containing archival documents, materials of office-work and works on history. Unknown pages of F. Amirkhan's diary represent destructive policy of Bolsheviks and the activities of the Tatar Republic people's commissariat of social provision during the famine in the Volga region.

The article studies the organization and development of military-patriotic education of the Soviet youth in the 1920s. During this period, the Soviet authorities delegate the main function of youth military patriotic education to city department of general military education of the population - Vsevobuch. The stages of development and results of the work of this organization are analyzed. The author pays special attention to the role of a school instructor in the ield of school construction. The article notes a signiicant contribution of the youth military and sports organizations in forming «the new Soviet person».

The article studies modernization of light-rail network in Moscow on the materials of the Moscow periodical press at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. Mass media articles featured all stages of Moscow light-rail development, the information about the new tramlines operation commissioning, fares, annual income, etc. Thus, the printed media is considered to be an important source of information about light-rail development. Sometimes the printed media was biased; still it made the narration about the Moscow light-rail network development more figurative and informal.

This article discusses some issues concerning the place of disease in medieval culture. First of all, Christian etiology of the disease and its axiological status are considered. The author come to the conclusion that whereas paganism,being far from moral and ethical problems in the etiological field, declared the disease as an unfortunate accident, a "defect" in the normal course of events, Christianity, with its strengthened ethical side and appeal to conscious morality, began to perceive the disease as a natural result of the sinful behavior of a man himself. The illness was no longer an external, accidental event. It was declared an immanent attribute of sinful humanity. Sufferings, including those accompanying the disease, proved to be the best way to demonstrate the renunciation of the mortal world and expressing one's commitment to higher divine values.

The article studies the migration of a large group of people from the North Caucasus to Turkey in the second half of the XIX century. The author discovers the reasons and factors of this phenomenon, drawing attention to its complex character. The migration of some part of mountain population from the North Caucasus territory outside the Russian Empire resulted from armed confrontation in the first half of the XIX century. Migrating to Turkey the Adygs suffered the largest demography losses, for they traditionally had cultur- al, economic and family ties with the Osmans. They expected improvements in their social and economic status at the new residence. However, the dreams flailed.The fatal character of migration caused the death of many mukhadzhirs of deseases, starvation, hardships and poor organization.

The article studies the Nakhichevan period of educational, scientific and socio-political activity of the Armenian scholar Y.Shahaziz. He had been teaching in numerous educational institutions of the city for forty years. He was a member of different charitable organizations, ostensible member of the City Council and the organizer of the first city museum. It was in Nakhichevan, where he wrote a number of important scientific works on the history and ethnography of the Don Armenians.

The article studies the facts of repressive measures against the employees of the Ordzhonikidze regional council of the Society for Assistance to Defense, Aviation and Chemical Construction in 1937 and analyses their correlation with the case of Marshal M. Tukhachevsky on the basis of archival sources and periodicals. The repressions among the high commanders of the Red Army, the essence of the charges brought and the degree of real guilt of the main officials are shown. The influence of repression policy on the results of the activities of the regional defense organization is traced.

The article studies the stages of modernization in the North Caucasus, which took place in the XIX-XX centuries. The successes and failures of the process are specified. The representatives of the Russian (Soviet) administration had to solve the most challenging tasks. The spheres, which were viewed as the most perspective as regards the enhancement of the local people life, are demonstrated. The article shows the role of the Russian (and more generally - theSlavic) ethnos in providing the population of the region access to the values of a modernized society. The vul- nerability (including the physical one) of the Russian population in the periods of the archaic institutes renewal in the North Caucasus is shown. The domination of archaic or modern in the local practice reveals alternation. Such situation mostly depends on state institutes effectiveness, which to a considerable extent act as initiators of innovations in the region.

The article examines some aspects of the Osset-ians family law as an important normative complex in the Adat system. Conditions of marriage are analyzed, and its main forms are characterized. Special attention is paid to such archaic forms of marriage as polygyny, levirate and sororate. Serving to preserve the family's economic integrity, they existed up to 1860s, despite the counteractions of the officials and the Orthodox Church. The detailed character of the family law proved a significant role of family as a collective subject of inter-community legal relationships. In general, the norms of the family law were supposed to maintain the balance of legal and economic statuses of members of traditional mountain community.

The article gives an overview of modern historiography as regards the participation of Russian soldiers in studying the Caucasus in XVIII-XIX cc. The study specifies their role in the policy of memorialisation and foundation of memory in order to form the all-imperial self-identification. Based on the analysis of numerous works and books on different aspects of the Caucasus enclosure into the Russian state the article emphasizes the topicality of the study and the necessity of its further research with the reference to archive primary sources.

The Second World War is one the most important events in the world history. During the first years after liberation from Nazi invaders the Soviet state and society were developing under complicated circumstances. The author shows that numerous groups of anti-Soviet armed underground in the Red Army's rear at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War were a factor, which hampered Soviet troops advance actions . Under conditions of the Cold War the terroristic activity of anti-Soviet armed underground groups significantly destabilized the situation in the western regions of the Soviet state. The author supposes that neutralization of anti-Soviet armed underground in the western territories of the USSR that took more than a decade eventually contributed to the stabilization of the domestic situation in the country.

The article studies topical issues of ilm servicing of virgin land areas in 1950-1960s in the light of an innovative complex micro and macro history approach. On the one hand, a detailed statistic analysis of the quantity of the mobile cinemas per each virgin land area is carried out. As well as the analysis of dynamic increase in the number of cinema units and the width of a scope by ilm sessions of virgin areas within the speciied period and the average attendance of ilm sessions by the virgin landers. On the other hand, cinema is considered from the point of view of a daily integral part of working virgin collective farms. The article features the memories and impressions of virgin landers about popular ilms and the place and value of cinema in their lives.

With the reference to published documents and published historical data the article gives a brief outline as regards the history of signing the Soviet-British trade agreement. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the two countries on the path to a compromise solution. The article concludes that in spite of their mutual interest in the conclusion of a package of trade agreements the United Kingdom made the government cancel the contract due to power struggle in the parliament. It resulted in deterioration of relations with Russia up to the present time.

The article discusses the actions of the Bolshevik Party after the October revolution of 1917 as far as they concern the promotion of World Socialist Revolution through radical leftist parties and the masses in some Western European countries. The activities resulted from the desire to realize Marxist theory of socialist revolution, which presupposed its domination in several developed capitalist countries. The article features information about Bolshevik's attempts to get involved in the revolutionary events in Hungary and Bavaria, an effort to strengthen the revolutionary process in Europe during the Polish-Soviet war.

The article analyzes the religious factor of migration processes. The Protestants migrated to those territories whose conditions were suitable for the realization of their confession, or they could strictly follow it. The territory of the North Caucasus met the requirements of the Protestantism, such as lack of order, primitive forms of social life, remoteness of institutions of power. Here the Protestants evangelized the population (Protestant missionaries), preserved the purity of faith (Mennonites), sought a place of salvation for the true believers on earth (representatives of the Exodus Movement).

The article presents two views, two approaches to the memory of the Second World War and the people who blockedfascist movement on the way to world domination. On the one hand, the winners which keep sacred memory of the soldiers who defended the country from enslavement, on the other hand, the losers who honor the deserters, who left the battlefield or refused to serve in the Wehrmacht. The author believes that modern German society has to do itto get rid of the guilt of the war unleashed by Nazis. At the same time, according to the author, this approach does not unite, but rather divides German society, divides it into supporters and opponents of this kind of memory. The memory of the War, in his opinion, should be based only on truth, on a sincere respect for the people who gave their lives for their country, which excludes any attempt of falsification and substitution of real events of wartime.

The article studies a relevant in historical science issue dedicated to the lifestyle of the party-state nomenclature in the period of its formation. The process of forming aprivate provision system for party representatives and Soviet elite, structure set of bene-its for the governing body of the Soviet state. The analysis of archival materials, which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, reveals the provision of responsible party workers with housing and the housing condition of the housing stock. The hierarchical nature of the beneits and lifestyle party-state nomenclature is shown. The period under consideration displayed a centralized mechanism to determine the rights and benefits, as well as legislative consolidation of the system of responsible party and Soviet workers.

The article studies relevant development directions of inancial law and inancial and legal proile in the North-Caucasus Federal University. Practice of educational and scientiic activity of administrative and financial law department at the Institute of law, the North-Caucasus federal university, is given. The study of educational curricula and the competences formed with students is viewed as significant from the practical point. Subject matters and their modern educational methodological support are analyzed.

The article analyzes the process of information society development in some regions of the North-Caucasus Federal district. The authors attempt to analyse acting political and legal documents andidentify their advantages and disadvantages, their role in the process of formation and development of information society in the Russian Federation. On the basis of comparative analysis the authors have identiied the prospects and directions of enhancing normative-legal base RNO - Alaniya in the sphere of information society development.

The article studies general questions of correlation between the concepts of "control" and "supervision", the conclusion concerning the effective distribution of control and supervisory activities in the sphere of housing and communal services is made. It is proposed to adopt the laws regulating the order of interaction of bodies of municipal housing control with executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising regional state housing supervision in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is emphasized that state bodies and local self-government bodies were delegated with powers related to law enforcement in housing, and the structure of municipal control is still in its formative stages. The need for the development and creation of a unified system of control and supervision in the housing sector to coordinate activities in this sphere of all public authorities is highlighted.

The article studies topical issues section of mortgage debt division by former spouses. The research is based on the material of law-enforcement practice of courts in Stavropol Krai in 2014-2016. The topicality of the study is preconditioned by the fact that borrowed funds serve as almost the only way to acquire housing or improve living conditions of families. At the same time, the statistics showing the number of divorces is disappointing. The complexity of the issue lies consistent application of civil and family law norms.

The article analyzes the problems of qualifyingthe offense discrediting the honor and dignity of the employee of the internal affairs bodies, which arise during the consideration of disputes about dismissal from the service. The misconduct is defined as undignified behavior of an employee, including during off-duty time, which undermines or detracts from the authority of the internal affairs body. At present, the abolition of the Code of Professional Ethics for the employees of the internal affairs bodies does not prevent the possibility of dismissing employees of the internal affairs bodies for violation of moral and ethical norms and in each case the legality and validity of dismissal can not be made dependent on the subsequent possibility of termination with respect to the criminal prosecution oficer or proceedings in the case of an administrative offense. Acting legislation does not include misconduct, discrediting honor and dignity to the number of disciplinary offenses, determining that dismissal in this case is one of the independent grounds for the termination of the contract, and in this regard does not provide an alternative to the employer for applying for disciplinary measures stipulated by legal acts, whichregulate the sphere of internal affairs agencies.

The article is devoted to the reform of family law in Spain, which has been realized over the last forty years, starting with the adoption of the Constitution in 1978 16 laws were adopted, which changed the content of the Spanish family law profoundly. Equality between spouses has been established. Parental authority now belongs parents rather than exclusively to a father. Divorce was allowedin a Catholic country, the equality of children born in and out of wedlock has been proclaimed, protection of children and mothers has beenstrengthened, same-sex marriage was allowed; changes were made to the property and alimony relations of spouses and children.

The article deals with the problems of evolution of linguistic methodology under the circumstances of the scientific world view's shifting. An attempt has been made to determine the general foundation upon which that process should be based, taking into consideration an ambivalent approach of modern researchers to the understanding of the essence of synergetics. The- oretical efforts of various authors in the field of creation of new linguistic methods based upon evolutionary and synergetic approach, as well as of the adaptation of the existing methodology to the post-neoclassical worldview, have been reviewed and analyzed.

The article studies the status of addressee category as an object of the institutional discourse (ID) on the basis of the principles of modern linguistics. Relevancy of its studying is brought out of a primary thesis about the importance of the component "participants" in communication in which the role of "addressee" becomes priority due to realization of a target link of discourse model. The addressee phenomenon is understood as ambivalent essence with the maximum potential interpretativity due to its realization in non-uniform space of institutional discourse (ID).

The problem of the quality of translating documents of individuals is from misreading the conceptual component of the translation competence basic part as conceptually simple knowledge. To solve this problem, cognitive stratification of analog documents of individuals in the target language is suggested. Conceptualization and categorization in translating documents together with cognitive formatting of analog documents of individuals in the target language provides the opportunity to teach the translation of documents as multi-dimensional knowledge of the matrix format, therefore to contribute to the optimization of translation practice.

The article studies one of the basic constituents of translation process - source text interpretation, and analyzes interpretative position of a translator, which in the light of the study is supposed to be based on communicative axiomatics principles. The study specifies the stages of translation interpretation, which foster better understanding of semantic "polyphony" of a context, evaluation of its pragmatic features and conveyance in the target language. The article reveals that intentional reduction of potentially translatable semes results in "reduction" of aesthetic value of the target context and the target text in general.

The article studies peculiar features of communication subject in newspaper narrative in the light of minimizing the author's "I" and expanding the author's "presence" antinomy in present-day press. The observations of the empirical data reveal that minimization of the author's "I" is expressed due to the employment of standard clichés, implicit assessment options in news genres, "production line" type of news content editing. Expanding the author's "presence" is preconditioned by strengthening of essay features in media, genre peculiarities of newspaper articles, as well as convergence of newspaper and colloquial styles.

The multiaspect study of integration and interaction processes between economics and linguistics contributed to the journalistic economic discourse research as a different genre, thematically diverse text area and a type of institutional communication. In the process of analysis of cognitive and pragmatic essence of the journalistic economic discourse and cognitive background of its study, i.e. reflection of economic events in a language, presentation of language integrity as a system of signs that is revealed in the course of economic activity, the author consistently proves that the economic discourse in the journalistic texts is interpreted as a hyponym of the business discourse, and works out its definition.

This paper is about to argue against a commonly accepted discourse according to which the plays of Edward Albee can be labelled as "absurdist". The works of the American playwright, such as the American Dream, are characterized by a certain fragmentation; that is, the lack of any narrative that could narrow the range of the interpretations - therefore these plays distance themselves from the modernist Absurd, and come closer to the prostmodernist dramatical language. The aim of this paper is to highlight the postmodern characteristics in the American Dream.