COGNITIVE ZOOMORPHIC METAPHOR IN RUSSIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE (BY THE EXAMPLE OF ENTOMONIMES IN POETRY)

The article studies the cognitive zoomorphic metaphor by a number of insect nominations. In particular, an attempt is made to classify models of metaphorical transfer existing in the language, in which the concept-referent "butterfly" participates. The interest in the metaphor dates back as far as antiquity, but in the XX century, it becomes an independent object of study in various humanities sciences. The main tasks solved over many years in the framework of philosophy, psychology and linguistics were the definition of the essence of the metaphor, its linguistic possibilities and boundaries of use, the rules for the transition from direct meaning to the metaphorical one, and the differentiation of metaphorical expressions from nonmetaphorical ones, in turn, gave birth to two approaches to this phenomenon: the semantic and the pragmatic ones. According to the semantic view, the metaphor has a double meaning: the literal meaning, which follows from the sum of lexical meanings of its components, is false, and the metaphorical is true. The pragmatic view focuses on the speaker's achievement of a certain reaction of the hearer, which cannot be deduced from the meaning of the metaphor s/he uses. Thus, the metaphor reveals certain properties and characteristics of things based on similarities to other things that are not part of the metaphorical meaning, but arise only in the process of using it in certain contexts and situations. The main problem of metaphorization raised by cognitive science is the problem meaning and sense correlation. Cognitive metaphor is one of the aspects of human thought activity. Its function consists in the world-modeling, conceptualization of reality. The cognitive model of language assigns a central place to metaphor as the basic principle of structuring knowledge, which consists in describing one sphere (often abstract) in terms of the other. Moreover, the language system is a network of values that are related to each other by metaphorical transfer relationships. For such a transfer to take place, it is necessary to have the foundations of a metaphor -a common sign of the donor and recipient zones, the correlate and the referent, although the possibilities of human imagination in terms of establishing correspondences are unlimited. The relevance of the work is connected with the analysis of metaphorical modeling as a universal category within the framework of cognitive linguistics, which reflects the mechanisms of human thinking. The study of the range of metaphorization in this work is carried out on the basis of poetic texts of Russian literature.

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