COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF POSTCOMMUNIST POWERS IN ELECTORAL SPACE: BY THE EXAMPLE OF "THE PARTY OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM" (GDR) AND THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION) IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1990s

The analyses of political actions of the German Party of Democratic Socialism and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in 1990s is carried out in this article. Left-wing communist parties were formed in the period of democratic transformation in post-Soviet states. The analyses of electoral results and parties' programs allows to defend the similarities and differences of these political parties. At the beginning (1990-1993) both parties was in difficult conditions of the left-wing ideology crisis -the number of parties' members decreased and there was a risk that party practice can be closed. The second stage of evolution (1994-1998) was connected with a search of a new ideological reference point within the framework of party system transformation. Both parties have come a long way of structuring party organization and creating new programs. Studying electoral geography allows to conclude that there were special regions ("red belt" and "neue Bun-deslander") with sustainable left-wing (left-conservative) support in both federal states. At the same time, there were essential differences in political history of these representatives of left-wing movements. Initially there was factionalism in the Party of Democratic Socialism, there were Marxist and democratic parts. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation had to create its own identity in conditions of competitions with other postcommunists, such as the Union of Communist Parties - Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Russian Communist Workers Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, "Labour Russia". It forced caucus to be more reserved to the internal opposition. The fact that the Party of Democratic Socialism was integrating into postwar political system was also essential difference. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation was one of those who was creating young political system of modern Russia. Having a great support from the voters, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation claimed the role of the ruling party and had consolidating opposition potential. The Party of Democratic Socialism couldn't get it, as it had important political competitor - the Social Democratic Party of Germany.

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