THE BATTLE OF FYRISVELLIR AS DUALISTIC "CORNERSTONE" OF SWEDISH AND DANISH HISTORIOGRAPHY

The Battle of Fyrisvellir (also known as the "Battle of Firisvallarna") is a significant event in early Swedish history, the battle between the king Eric and the candidate for the throne of Svealand Styrbjorn Strong. In fact, this battle is the earliest event in Swedish history, being reflected both in written sources in Denmark and Ancient Iceland, and in the monuments of runic writing. Due to this, as well as a number of other circumstances, the battle of the two pagan pretenders became an important event for both Swedish and Danish historiography. At the same time, the approaches to the description and interpretation of the battle turned out to be different among Swedish and Danish historians and were equally influenced by various trends in both historical science and socio-political events. This article is the irst Russian-language work examining both the work of Scandinavian historians on the Battle of Fyrisvellir and the development of historical thought in the context of this battle. The author introduces into the Russian-language scientiic circulation a number of works by foreign researchers who, for one reason or another, remained outside the ield of vision of Russian-speaking Scandinavian studies. The concept of the battle on Fyrisvellir is proposed as a kind of «cornerstone» not so much of Swedish and Danish history, but of historiography in these countries. The events preceding the battle, as well as the historical context and landscape are described. The key theories regarding the battle are examined, both from the point of view of Swedish historians and from the point of view of Danish historians. The author provides an overview of their development over time. The characteristic of differences in perception is given, the reasons for both a different approach to the battle perception, and reasons on the one hand for the extinction, and on the other, for the unremitting interest in the event, are substantiated. The article is based on both classical and modern studies -Lund theorists of the hypercritical Weibull brothers' school, Swedish historians J. Lundquist, K.L. Thunberg, G. Dalbeck and others, as well as Danish historians.

Old Uppsala, the Viking Age, historical memory studies, paganism, runic writing, military history

1. Прядь о Стюрбьёрне Шведском Воителе (перевод Н.Топчий) URL: https://norroen.info/src/konung/styrbjorn/ru.html (Дата обращения: 30.08.2020).

2. Сага о Кнютлингах (перевод Т.Ермолаева, комментарии О.Кутарева) URL: https://norroen.info/src/konung/knytlinga/ ru.html (Дата обращения: 30.08.2020).

3. Сага о людях с Песчаного Берега // Исландские саги / пер. Циммерлинг А. В., Агишев С. Ю. Т.2. М.: Языки славянской культуры, 2002. С. 23-129.

4. Сага о Хервёр и Хейдреке // Перевод Т.Ермолаева, Н.Топчий. URL: https://norroen.info/src/forn/hervor/ru.html (Дата обращения: 30.08.2020).

5. Саксон Грамматик. Деяния Данов. // Пер. с лат. А.С. Досаева, под ред. И.А. Настенко. М.: Русская Панорама, 2017. 616 с.

6. Bolin S. Svenskt biograiskt lexikon. Band 14. Stockholm: Bonnier, 1953. 700 p.

7. Bolton T. Was the Family of Earl Siward and Earl Waltheof a Lost Line of the Ancestors of the Danish Royal Family // Nottingham Medieval Studies, 51. Nottingham, 2007. pp.41-71.

8. Brenner S.O. Nachkommen Gorms des Alten (Konig von Danemark): I. -XVI. Lyngby:1964. 477 p.

9. Dahlback, G. Stad och Land - en studieav forhallandet mellan medeltidsstaderna Uppsala och Stockholm och deras narmaste omland // Scandia, 44(1) 1978. Lund: Historiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, 1978. pp. 58-75.

10. Dalin O. Svea Rikes Historia, vol.1. Stockholm, 1806.

11. Hedenstierna-Jonson Ch. Same, same but different. Three case studies reflecting Swedish Husabyar from an archaeological and geographical perspective. // Husebyer - status quo, open questions and perspectives. Studies in Archaeology & History Vol. 20(3). Lisbeth E. Christensen, Thorsten Lemm & Anne Pedersen (eds.). Copenhagen: Jelling Series, 2016. 190 p.

12. Henrikson, А. Svensk historia. Stockholm: Bonniers, 1963. 516 p.

13. Jones, G. A. History of the Vikings. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973. 550 p.

14. Korner, S. Slaget pa Fyrisvallarna. Till tolkningen av Torvald Hjaltasons skaldeverser// Scandia, 28(2). Lund: Historiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, 1962. pp. 391-398.

15. Langebek J. Scriptores Rerum Danicarum Medii /Evi. Vol. 3. Kopenhagen: 1774. 633 p.

16. Lindkvist, T. Riksbildning och statsbildning. Regionala variationer i det blivande Sverige // Med hammare och fackla, XLI. Goteborg: Sancte Orjans Gille, Goteborgs universitet, 2010. pp. 15-40.

17. Lindquist J. Gammla Uppsala Project. In: Hansen, J. & Runge, M. (eds) 2018: From Central Space to Urban Place, seminar 1. Social organisation of land in South Scandinavia AD 400-1100. Archaeological & Historical Studies in Centrality, vol. 2. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark, 2010, 181 p.

18. Line, P. Kingship and State Formation in Sweden 1130-1290. Boston: Leiden, 2007. 721 p.

19. Lonnroth, E. Fran svensk medeltid. Stockholm: Bonnier, 1959. 229 p.

20. Making Nordic Historiography: Connections, Tensions and Methodology, 1850-1970. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2017. 332 p.

21. Mellin, G.H. Larobok i faderneslandets historia. Stockholm: Hos bokhandlaren K. R. Loostrom, 1845.

22. Munch P. A. Det Norske Folks Historie. Vol. 1, no. 2. Christiania: Tonsberg, 1863. 480 p.

23. Searle W.G. Anglo-Saxon bishops, kings and nobles: the succession of the bishops and the pedigrees of the kings and nobles. London: Cambridge University Press. 1899. 440 p.

24. Thunberg C.L. Slaget pa Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning. En kritisk undersokning av kallsituation och forskningslage. Med introduktion av en fjarde tolkningslinje. University of Gothenburg, 2012. 140 p.