ON PECULIARITIES OF SOME SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS OF THE IMPERIAL POLITICS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

Abstract

The article considers social and economic steps of the Russian administration in the North Caucasus after armed opposition with the part of mountain peoples. These efforts had to provide the overcoming of results and recurrences of the mutual dislike, which accumulated in the war period between Empire and muridism supporters. Besides the highlanders had to adopt the state orders and partly refuse habitual mode of life, contradicting the demands of the state. The authorities aimed to demonstrate all advantages, taken by highlanders in exchange for their loyalty and law-obedience. It led to the serious transformation in the social sphere, that was perceived differently and together with the positive effect caused the seizure and resistance of the stratus of society, which couldn't accept Russian novation. Among the painfully perceived measures stood the release of the dependent classes. It is believed that the fear of losing their subjects became one of the motivations for the local nobility in deciding to leave their historic homeland and move to Turkey. Unusual and annoying mountaineers became the need to pay state taxes, which, although they were inferior in size to taxes in other parts of the empire, also looked like an attempt on freedom. The traditional stimuli in the form of land shortage have not disappeared anywhere. The steps of the authorities aimed at overcoming this situation were not crowned with success, and only temporarily weakened the growth of discontent. Trying to compensate for the inconvenience, the empire offered new social elevators to the locals. First of all, it was about service in the armed forces, where quite a few people from the local environment could make a successful career by engaging in a traditional and close to their mentality activity.