The history of the Black Sea Mary Magdalene Black Sea desert in the activities of the abbesses

   At the present stage of the development of historical science in Russia, the interest in the role of the Church in the life of society remains unchanged. Much attention is paid to the history of individual monasteries and the activities of the clergy in the field of public service; their contribution to socio-political and spiritual life of the country is studied. The interest in the history of monasteries is primarily due to the fact that throughout the history of Russia, after the adoption of Christianity, they acted as one of the most important social and political institutions of the state and society. In Russian historiography, there are few studies devoted to the nuns of monasteries, but the existing ones are addressed to the nuns of noble origin or the abbesses of the oldest female monasteries. The current situation is explained by the state of the source base and the specifics of the problem being raised. The activities of women in the system of church organization of the Russian Orthodox Church were poorly reflected in any written sources. Since the personalities of the abbesses are considered the key figure of the monastery, when analyzing the history of the Black Sea Mary Magdalene Convent, the article focuses on the role of the abbesses in the development of the monastic economy, charitable and educational activities. Based on this, the authors of the article, based on the collected extensive archival material and the material of the Caucasian Diocesan Gazette, analyzed the contribution of individual abbesses to the development of the Black Sea Convent. The authors substantiate the conclusion that unlike the well-known closeness of traditional Russian Orthodox monasteries in Central Russia, Caucasian monasteries remained open to the world even at the beginning of the XX century, which was a great merit of their abbesses and the diocesan leadership of the Caucasian (Stavropol) diocese.

1. State archive of Krasnodar territory (GAKK). F. 318. Inv. D. 313. (In Russian).

2. GAKK. F. 249. Inv. 1. D. 1911. (In Russian).

3. GAKK. F. 249. Inv. 1. D. 2869. (In Russian).

4. State archive of Stavropol territory (GASK). F. 135. Op. 16. D. 2. (In Russian).

5. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 16. D. 80. (In Russian).

6. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 27. D. 556. (In Russian).

7. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 34. D. 493. (In Russian).

8. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 34. D. 595. (In Russian).

9. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 4. D. 212. (In Russian).

10. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 48. D. 501. (In Russian).

11. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 49. D. 252. (In Russian).

12. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 51. D. 291. (In Russian).

13. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 52. D. 510. (In Russian).

14. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 56. D. 653. (In Russian).

15. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 56. D. 653. (In Russian).

16. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 73. D. 854. (In Russian).

17. GASK. F. 135. Inv. 8. D. 268. (In Russian).

18. Izvestija. Gotovnost’ monahin’ Kavkazskoj eparhii k Postupleniju v otrjady serdobol’nyh sester i izgotovleniju sanitarnyh materialov (News. The readiness of the nuns of the Caucasian diocese to enter the detachments of compassionate sisters and the production of sanitary materials) // Kavkazskie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1877. No. 5. P. 154. (In Russian).

19. Izvestija: Arhierejskija sluzhenija (Izvestiya: Hierarchal ministries) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1912. No. 6. P. 164. (In Russian).

20. Kijashko I. I. Chernomorskaja Marie-Magdalinskaja zhenskaja monasheskaja obshhestvennaja pustyn’ (Black Sea Mary Magdalene Women’s Monastic Community Hermitage) // Kubanskij sbornik. 1910. Vol. 15. P. 230. (In Russian).

21. Nekrolog (Obituary) // Kavkazskie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1878. No.3. P. 80. (In Russian).

22. Nekrolog (Obituary) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1891. No. 3. P. 48. (In Russian).

23. O priobretenii na schet stanichnyh summ uchilishhnyh potrebnostej dlja stanichnyh shkol Orenburgskogo kazach’ego vojska (12 avgusta 1850 g.) (On the acquisition of school needs for the village schools of the Orenburg Cossack army at the expense of the village sums (August 12, 1850) // Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj imperii (1825–1881). Vol. 25: Plan. 1. No. 24402. (In Russian).

24. O sluzhbe sester ChMMZhP i ieromonahov Kizljarskogo monastyrja po uhodu za bol’nymi i ranenymi voinami (On the service of the sisters of the Black sea Mary-Magdalin Black sea hermit and the hieromonks of the Kizlyar Monastery in caring for the sick and wounded soldiers) // Kavkazskie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1878. No. 21. P.780-782. (In Russian).

25. O uchrezhdenii v Chernomorskom kazach’em vojske zhenskoj obiteli vo imja Svjatoj Mariny Magdaliny (11 dekabrja 1848 g.) (On the establishment of a convent in the Black Sea Cossack army in the name of St. Marina Magdalene (December 11, 1848) // Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj imperii (1825–1881). Vol. 23. No. 22812. (In Russian).

26. Opredelenija sv. Pravitel’stvujushhego Sinoda (Ordinance of St. Governing Synod) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1909. No. 8. P. 233-234. (In Russian).

27. Opredelenija Svjatejshego Sinoda (Ordinance of the Holy Synod) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1891. No. 14. P. 195. (In Russian).

28. Otdel oficial’nyj. Rasporjazhenija Eparhial’nogo nachal’stva (Official department. Orders of the Diocesan authorities) // Kavkazskie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1873. No. 17. P. 560. (In Russian).

29. Otdel oficial’nyj. Rasporjazhenija Eparhial’nogo nachal’stva (Official department. Orders of the Diocesan authorities) // Kavkazskie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1873. No. 18. P. 586. (In Russian).

30. Otdel oficial’nyj. Rasporjazhenija Eparhial’nogo nachal’stva (Official department. Orders of the Diocesan authorities) // Kavkazskie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1878. No. 8. P. 272. (In Russian).

31. Otdel oficial’nyj. Rasporjazhenija Eparhial’nogo nachal’stva (Official department. Orders of the Diocesan authorities) // Kavkazskie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1878. No. 2. P. 45. (In Russian).

32. Otchet eparhial’nogo nabljudatelja o sostojanii v uchebno-vospitatel’nom otnoshenii cerkovno-prihodskih shkol Stavropol’skoj eparhii za 1910-1911 uchebnyj god (Report of the diocesan observer on the educational situation in the parochial schools of the Stavropol diocese for the 1910-1911 academic year) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1912. No. 39. P. 57. (In Russian).

33. Otchet o sostojanii cerkovno-prihodskih shkol i shkol gramoty Stavropol’skoj eparhii za 1894-1895 uchebnyj god (Report on the state of parochial schools and literacy schools of the Stavropol diocese for the 1894-1895 academic year) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1896. No. 3. P. 130. (In Russian).

34. Otchet o sostojanii cerkovno-prihodskih shkol Stavropol’skoj eparhii za 1893-1894 uchebnyj god (Report on the state of parochial schools of the Stavropol diocese for the 1893 - 1894 academic year) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1895. No. 8. P.454. (In Russian).

35. Pervye missionerskie protivosektantskie kursy v Marie-Magdalinskom zhenskom monastyre Stavropol’skoj eparhii (The first missionary anti-sectarian courses in the Mary Magdalene convent of the Stavropol diocese) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1911. No. 14. P. 435-449. (In Russian).

36. Po zhurnal’nomu opredeleniju Eparhial’nogo uchilishhnogo soveta ot 1-go nojabrja za № 38, utverzhdennomu rezoljuciej Ego Preosvjashhenstva ot 25 nojabrja za No. 8729 (According to the journal definition of the Diocesan School Council of November 1, No. 38, approved by the resolution of His Grace of November 25, No. 8729) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1896. No. 23. P. 1357. (In Russian).

37. Prepodanie blagoslovenija Svjatejshego Sinoda (Teaching the blessing of the Holy Synod) // Kavkazskie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1879. No. 7. P. 243. (In Russian).

38. Puteshestvie preosvjashhennogo Agafadora dlja obozrenija cerkvej eparhii (Journey of the Right Reverend Agafador to View the Churches of the Diocese) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1893. No. 24. P. 786–800. (In Russian).

39. Sv. Grigorij Tverdohlebov Vpechatlenija ot missionerskih kursov, byvshih v Marie-Magdalinsnom monastyre v 1911 godu (St. Gregory Tverdokhlebov Impressions from the missionary courses that took place in the Mary Magdalene Monastery in 1911) // Stavropol’skie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1911. No. 15. P. 479-483. (In Russian).

40. Sv. Filipp Nikolajchenko Ocherk Chernomorskoj Marie-Magdalinskoj zhenskoj pustyni (St. Philip Nikolaychenko Essay on the Black Sea Mary Magdalene Women’s Desert) // Kavkazskie eparhial’nye vedomosti. 1874. No. 20. P. 649–652. (In Russian).