Organization of safe growing of plants produced using genomic technologies in the Russian Federation

This article is dedicated to the proposals for the organizational and legal support for the implementation in Russia of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies in part of crop production. To achieve this goal, the rules for growing plants obtained using genomic technologies on the territory of the Russian Federation are formulated, providing the possibility of organic and biotech crops safe coexistence. Safety should be ensured through the obligatory use of buffer zones or tall plant barriers. Specific requirements may be established by regional rules for a particular subject of the Russian Federation based on scientifically recommendations, considering the climatic zone, geographical features, and a particular crop. As an example, the article provides possible requirements for growing corn obtained using genomic technologies in the Saratov region. It is expedient to assign control over compliance with these regional rules to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that carry out state administration in the field of environmental protection. The creation of a national coordinating center for the use of genetic technologies in economic activity, the establishment of liability measures for violating the rules of cultivation are considered as other elements of the organizational and legal mechanism for the safe cultivation of plants obtained using genomic technologies. As prospects for the development of legislation, it is indicated that it is necessary to establish agreed safety rules for growing plants obtained using genomic technologies in the countries that are members of the EEU, which should be maximally consistent with each other.

1. Abanina E.N. Tendentsii razvitiya gosudarstvennoi politiki v sfere obespecheniya ekologicheskoi bezopasnosti (regional’nyi uroven’) (Trends in the development of state policy in the field of ensuring environmental safety (regional level)) // Pravovaya politika i pravovaya zhizn’. 2021. No.1. P.31–38. DOI: 10.24412/1608-8794-2021-1-31-38 (In Russian).

2. Agapov D.A., Ganyukhina O.Yu. O nekotorykh voprosakh realizatsii doktriny prodovol’stvennoi bezopasnosti (On some issues of implementing the doctrine of food security) // Pravovaya politika i pravovaya zhizn’. 2021. No.2. P.38–42. DOI: 10.24412/1608-8794-2021-2-38-42 (In Russian).

3. Chumakov M.I., Gutorova O.V., Gusev Yu.S. Bar’er iz vysokorosloi kukuruzy predotvrashchaet perenos pyl’tsy kukuruzy v smeshannykh posevakh (High maize barrier prevents maize pollen transfer in mixed crops) // Ecological genetics. 2021. Vol.19. No.4. C. 313–322. DOI: 10.17816/ecogen78085. (In Russian).

4. Federal’naya nauchno-tekhnicheskaya programma razvitiya geneticheskikh tekhnologii na 2019–2027 gody (Federal scientific and technical program for the development of genetic technologies for 2019–2027): utv. post Pravitel’stva RF ot 22 aprelya 2019 g. № 479: red. ot 28 avgusta 2021 g. // SZ RF. 2019. No.17. Art. 2108; SZ RF. 2021. No.36. Art.6415. (In Russian).

5. Gusev Yu.S., Gutorova O.V., Moiseeva E.M., i dr. Otsenka riskov pereopyleniya kukuruzy pri sovmestnom vyrashchivanii neskol’kikh linii v usloviyakh Yugo-Vostoka Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii (Assessment of the risks of cross-pollination of corn during the co-cultivation of several lines in the conditions of the South-East of the European part of Russia) // Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya. 2021. Vol.56. No.1. P.66–77. DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2020.5.rus. (In Russian).

6. Gusev Yu.S., Volokhina I.V., Moiseeva E.M., i dr. Analiz rasprostraneniya geneticheskogo materiala markirovannykh linii kukuruzy s pyl’tsoi pri sovmestnom vyrashchivanii s obychnymi sortami (Analysis of the distribution of the genetic material of marked lines of corn with pollen during co-cultivation with common varieties) // Genetika. 2020. Vol.56, No.10. P.1196 – 1199. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795420090082. (In Russian).

7. Mokhov A.Yu. K voprosu o prodovol’stvennoi funktsii sovremennogo rossiiskogo gosudarstva (On the food function of the modern Russian state) // Gumanitarnye i yuridicheskie issledovaniya. 2019. No.3. P.144–149. (In Russian).

8. Novikova R.G. Pravovoe regulirovanie v oblasti oborota genno-modifitsirovannykh organizmov (GMO) v Rossii i zarubezhnykh gosudarstvakh (Legal regulation in the field of turnover of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Russia and foreign countries) // Vestnik RUDN. Seriya: Yuridicheskie nauki. 2021. Vol.25. No.1. P.32–66 (63–64). (In Russian).

9. O gosudarstvennoi registratsii genno-inzhenerno-modifitsirovannykh organizmov, prednaznachennykh dlya vypuska v okruzhayushchuyu sredu, a takzhe produktsii, poluchennoi s primeneniem takikh organizmov ili soderzhashchei takie organizmy, vklyuchaya ukazannuyu produktsiyu, vvozimuyu na territoriyu Rossiiskoi Federatsii (On state registration of genetically modified organisms intended for release into the environment, as well as products obtained using such organisms or containing such organisms, including these products imported into the territory of the Russian Federation): post. Pravitel’stva RF ot 23 sentyabrya 2013 g. No.839: red. ot 1 oktyabrya 2018 g. // SZ RF. 2013. No.39. Art. 4991. SZ RF. 2018. No.41. Art. 6260. (In Russian).

10. O gosudarstvennom regulirovanii v oblasti genno-inzhenernoi deyatel’nosti (On State Regulation in the Field of Genetic Engineering: Federal Law No. 86-ФЗ): feder. zakon ot 5 iyulya 1996 g. № 86-FZ: red. ot 2 iyulya 2021 g. // SZ RF. 1996. No.28. Art.3348; 2021. No.27 (Part I). Art.5179. (In Russian).

11. O semenovodstve (On seed production): feder. zakon ot 17 dekabrya 1997 g. № 149-FZ: red. ot 11 iyunya 2021 g. // SZ RF. 1997. No.51. Art.5715; SZ RF. 2021. No.24 (Part I). Art.4188. (In Russian).

12. Ob okhrane okruzhayushchei sredy (On the environment: Federal Law No. 7-ФЗ): feder. zakon ot 10 yanvarya 2002 g. № 7-FZ: v red. ot 30 dekabrya 2021 g. // SZ RF. 1999. No.14. Art. 1650; Rossiiskaya gazeta. 2022. No.2–3. (In Russian).

13. Zakharin A.N., Kolesnikova K.V. integratsiya pravovogo regulirovaniya ratsional’nogo prirodopol’zovaniya i okhrany okruzhayushchei sredy v zakonodatel’stve EAES: sostoyanie i perspektivy (Integration of legal regulation of rational nature management and environmental protection in the legislation of the EAEU: state and prospects) // Gumanitarnye i yuridicheskie issledovaniya. 2020. No.3. P.135–142. (In Russian).

14. Zhavoronkova N.G., Agafonov V.B. Organizatsionno-pravovye problemy realizatsii programmy razvitiya geneticheskikh tekhnologii (Organizational and legal problems of implementing the program for the development of genetic technologies) // RUDN Journal of Law. 2021. Vol. 25. No.4. P.901–916. DOI: 10.22363/2313-2337-2021-25-4-901-916. (In Russian).