FROM ESTATE SUPPORT AND PRIVATE CHARITY TO GENERAL SOCIAL PROVISION IN RUSSIA

Abstract

The article examines the material that allows you to get an idea of the basic principles and scope of organization, as well as the provision of social assistance in prerevolutionary Russia and Russia in the first years of the existence of the Soviet power. Specific examples show that by the beginning of the XX century the country had a steady tradition of providing various types of assistance to socially underprivileged population, primarily through personal and organized private charity, as well as the activities of Russian charitable departments of a semistate, semipublic nature. At the same time, the author concludes that the measures and scales of social assistance to the population by the state itself are insufficient, which became one of the reasons for the social explosion of 1917. The article shows how the new government from the very first days began to form a fullfledged legal basis for the implementation of one of the Bolsheviks' program provisions on the universal provision of every disabled person according to his needs. The decree on the social security of workers of October 31, 1918 regulated the provision of all cases related to the loss of livelihood, both due to temporary and permanent incapacity for work. The new law obliged the social security agencies created by the new government to take preventive measures against diseases, injuries, disabilities, etc. Every worker received the right, in case of illness, to all types of medical assistance. Negotiated the law and the right of everyone who lost their ability to work or work (through no fault of their own) to receive benefits or pensions.