ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA, KAZAKHSTAN AND BELARUS: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ASPECT

One of the current trends is the interpenetration of the most successful legal norms and institutions operating in other countries and their introduction into national legal systems. The study of this comparative aspect allows us to better understand the advantages and disadvantages of national legislation, formulate constructive proposals for the legislator, and identify possible ways of bilateral cooperation on legal issues that are understood in the national legislation of two or more countries in a similar way. The closest relationship between Russian legislation can be traced with the CIS countries, since for many years, our countries were part of the USSR, and the approaches to legal regulation of various types of public relations laid down in that period of our joint history are still preserved. Because of the comparative analysis of the environmental and legal institutions of the main environmental laws of the three countries, it is concluded that a significant number of environmental and legal institutions fully or partially coincide. A number of Belarusian and Kazakh environmental legal institutions are of interest for improving Russian environmental legislation (for example, in terms of economic regulation of environmental protection, measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, measures for the development of protected areas, etc.). The main reason for such coincidences or differences is seen in the fact that initially the draft law of the RSFSR "On environmental protection" of December 19, 1991 was prepared on the basis of the provisions of European environmental laws of the second half of the 1980. The concept of this Law of the RSFSR 1991 is the basis of both the current Federal law "On environmental protection" of December 10, 2002, and the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On environmental protection". In Kazakhstan, when preparing the draft Environmental code in the second half of the 2000s, it was based on the environmental laws in force in European countries at that time, which have changed significantly since the late 80s. Therefore, the concept of the EC of the Republic of Kazakhstan is very different from the concepts of the Russian and Belarusian main environmental laws, not so much in terms of the name of the main environmental legal institutions, but in terms of their content.

environmental code, environmental law, comparative law, environmental requirements, environmental monitoring

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