POWER AND SOCIETY IN THE HISTORY OF FEUDAL DERBENT IN THE ARAB PERIOD (VII - EARLY X CENTURIES)

The Arab conquests in the Caucasus opened a new stage in the history of the early feudal Derbent, which during the period of Arab rule in the region turned into the main stronghold of the ight against nomads on the northern borders of the Caliphate. In VII - the first quarter of the VIII centuries. Arabs fought with the Khazars a fierce struggle for Derbent, and in 115 A.D. / 733-34 the famous Arab conqueror Maslam b. Abd al-Melik (the son of the caliph Abd al-Melik and the brother of the caliph Hisham) was able to inally establish the authority of the Arabs in Derbent. He resettled 24 thousand Arabs into the city and settled them on an ethno-tribal basis in four quarters, which laid the foundation for the formation of a quarterly Muslim community, which played a very large role in the social structure and socio-economic life of the Muslim city of the VIII - early X centuries. During this period, specific relations developed between the power of the feudal Derbent, represented by the highest Arab bureaucracy, appointed as the ruler of the city personally by the caliph, and the urban society, which was based on a quarterly Muslim community from the Arab tribes resettled here, who enjoyed great authority in the caliphate. However, the social structure of Derbent began to change when, in 237 AH / 851, the city and its dependent Islamic centers were granted by the Caliph to the governor of Azerbaijan and Armenia, Muhammad b. Khalidu as flax, i.e. became feudal possession. After his death (c. 861) in Derbent, the local Hashimid dynasty came to power, the founder of which is Hashim b. Surak, although he came from the famous Arab tribe of Suleim, but came to power for other purposes from Baghdad, and was elected Derbent nobility, i.e. "Was the first among equals", which reflected on his position in Derbent society.

Arabs, caliphate, governors, emirs, quarter community, social topography, Islamic centers

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