From war communism to a new economic model: problems of the transition period of the Kuban village of 1920-1921

Introduction. The Bolshevik reforms in the early 1920s remain at the center of scientific research, as they retain their theoretical and practical significance. The purpose of the article is to analyze the content of the transition period from war communism to a new economic model of management, which became a new level in the formation of political and economic processes in Soviet Russia. The historiography of the topic is represented by domestic and foreign studies. There are four stages in it: the first (1920s); the second 1930s – the first half of the 1950s; the third (1950s – the second half of the 1980s) and the post-Soviet (1990s to the present), each of which has its own ideological characteristics. Materials and methods. The article uses various methods and principles of scientific historical research: the principle of objectivity and historicism; comparative historical, narrative methods and the concept of “new local history”. The research is based on archival records. The novelty of the research lies in the study of little-known facts of the policy of the RCP(b) towards the rural population of the Kuban-Black Sea region during the transition from war communism to the NEP in 1920–1921. Analysis. The state of the agrarian sector of regional economy had a significant impact on the content of the implemented policy of the Bolsheviks, who initiated new methods and forms of interaction with the peasantry and the Cossacks. At the regional level, they acquired characteristic features in the organization of land management and elections to Councils. In 1920–1921. The food policy in the region was not fundamentally different from that implemented in the rest of Soviet Russia, which is why it became one of the causes of conflict between the Bolsheviks and the rural population. Results. It has been established that the Cossack region tried to preserve traditional forms of land use, self-government and the ability to independently manage its products, which met with active opposition from the RCP(b). In the context of a paradigm shift, the military-political crisis was partially overcome with the adoption of a new food policy. 

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