Restoration of the educational and material base of higher educational institutions of the Voroshilovgrad region in 1943–1945

Introduction. The article studies the process of restoring the educational and material base of universities in the Voroshilovgrad region at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War, identifying key problems and ways to overcome them. Modern scientific researches deprive the problem of due attention and lack the accuracy in the representation of events.

Materials and methods. The source base consists of materials from five collections of the State Archive of the Luhansk People’s Republic, as well as materials from the archive of the Lugansk State Pedagogical University. The research is based on such fundamental principles of historical science as historicism and objectivity, which made it possible to identify the material problems of Voroshilovgrad region universities in specific historical conditions. Problem-chronological, comparative-historical and historical-genetic methods were used to study the research object.

Analysis. The process of resuming the activities of universities in Voroshilovgrad region began after their reevacuation in 1943–1944 and took place in extreme conditions of devastation and ongoing hostilities. It is claimed that the recovery was slowed down due to a shortage of workers, construction materials and an uneven distribution of funds between institutions. It is emphasized that to overcome the difficulties, subsidiary farms were allocated among the universities of the region, the institutions were assigned to state farms and suburban farms, special canteens and workshops were opened on their basis, and apartments were provided for teachers.

Results. It is concluded that the key role in the restoration of the educational and material base belonged to the teams of teachers and students, who, despite difficult living conditions, independently dismantled the rubble, adapted rooms for educational activities, restored classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and participated in propaganda work among the population. In parallel with work and educational activities, cultural and leisure activities have intensified as a tool of spiritual, moral, civic, patriotic, artistic and aesthetic education.

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