The Nuclear Weapons Problem in Russian-American Relations: From Détente to Strategic Instability

Introduction. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the nuclear weapons issue in relations between the Russian Federation and the United States of America, which has undergone fundamental changes over the past decades. The study begins with an examination of the historical context of arms control treaties, starting from the Cold War era, when the foundations of the strategic stability regime were laid (the ABM Treaty, SALT I, SALT II, START I, START II), and up to the current deep crisis around the New START Treaty, which has effectively suspended the functioning of this system.

Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of Soviet-American and Russian-American disarmament treaties, materials of the Russian Foreign Ministry, American administrations, and publications in the American press. A systemic integrated approach, specific historical and comparative historical methods were used.

Analysis. Special attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the key factors that led to the transition from limited cooperation to open confrontation. These include a fundamental change in the world order and the growth of multipolarity, the emergence of new technological challenges (such as hypersonic weapons, missile defense systems, and the militarization of space), a systemic deterioration of the overall political climate and mutual trust, and a growing crisis in the nonproliferation regime associated with the withdrawal of key players from key agreements.

Results. Based on current data and statements by the parties, an assessment is made of the risks of a new type of full-scale arms race, which would include not only strategic nuclear weapons but also tactical and high-precision conventional weapons. Specific threats of nuclear escalation in the context of regional conflicts and incidents are analyzed, and possible ways to reduce tensions are proposed, including measures to restore trust. Prospects for resuming a full-fledged dialogue on strategic stability in the new geopolitical environment are considered. 

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