The reflection of the development of women's education in Nalchik district in periodicals (the second half of the 19th – early 20th century) as a factor of socio-cultural rapprochement of peoples

Introduction. The article analyzes of the development of women’s education in Nalchik district in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century, which was partially reflected in the materials of the periodical press. Based on publications in the press and identified archival sources, the role of the press in promoting the idea of educating girls as an element of the sociocultural modernization of the region is studied.

Materials and methods. The article is based on materials from the newspapers Terskiye Vedomosti, Kavkaz, and Terek, as well as documents from the archives of the UCGA AS KBR, TSGA RSO-Alania, and others. The development of education in Nalchik district was studied by TH. Kumykov, MZ. Sablirov, ES. Tyutyunina, VV. Shevchuk and others. The peculiarities of women’s education in the Caucasus are revealed in the works of N.O. Bleikh, O.I. Shafranov, and B.K. Malbakhov. Their works reveal the chronology, social and cultural aspects of educational processes. The research methodology is based on a set of historical principles and methods that provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of newspapers on the coverage of women's education in Nalchik district. Among them are the principle of historicism, a systematic approach, and source analysis.

Analysis. The article pays special attention to the Nalchik Girls’ School, the first free educational institution for girls in Nalchik district, whose activities were actively covered in the press. By the beginning of the 20th century, there was an increase in the number of schools and female students, but this process was controversial. Mixed rural schools actually remained male due to the unwillingness of families to violate patriarchal norms of gender avoidance. Nevertheless, the study allows us to trace changes in the perception of women's education by the local population.

Results. In the Nalchik region in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the press widely covered women's education as a factor in the modernization of the region. The establishment of the Mikhailovskaya Girls’ School, which became a symbol of progress, was funded by local residents, which testified to their interest in education. The increase in the number of educational institutions and students reflected the transformation of mountain society. The press popularized the idea of women’s education, but problems of financing, teacher shortages, and traditional attitudes persisted, creating contradictions between modernization and cultural norms.

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