Children and youth leisure in the 1930s by the example of the cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters

Introduction. The article examines the historiography of everyday life in the Soviet city of the 1930s. The study shows the complexity of the period under consideration. Private lives of ordinary citizens are poorly studied in numerous works on economic and political history of the USSR. The conclusion is made about the importance of a special analysis of leisure time of schoolchildren and young people using the example of the cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.
Materials and Methods. The main base of the sources used is materials from the regional and central press. They are supplemented by published materials from city authorities and are analyzed using methods from leisure theory and new local history.
Analysis. The article proves that leisure was part of the Bolsheviks cultural policy aimed at creating a "new" man. Various objectives for action in this area are given. The article discusses the main forms of official leisure for young people and schoolchildren in the resort cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The sources highlight not only the facts about the events that have taken place, but also the desires and expectations of residents of resort cities in the future. Problems with leisure infrastructure and ways to solve them are analyzed.
Results. It was concluded that it is important for the authorities to constantly monitor the forms and maintenance of leisure activities of young people and children. The emphasis of government efforts on organizing various types of clubs and mass leisure activities has been determined. The most important feature of the sports sector of leisure and creative circles of a constructive nature was competition. At the same time, a big number of different competitions was a part of global trends. The importance of the created tourism system is emphasized, where the cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters became not only geographical, but also organizational centers. The routes being developed combined the realization of educational interest in natural objects, culture and the most important events from the "new Soviet" past.

1. Discourses of "new man" and "Soviet people" as a community in the socio-cultural space of the USSR: an interdisciplinary collection of scientific articles. Stavropol’: Sekvojya; 2022. 276 p. (In Russ.).

2. Dumazedier J. Towards a civilization of leisure. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 12: Social’nopoliticheskie issledovaniya. 1993;(1):83-88. (In Russ.).

3. Durkheim E. The Division of Labour in Society. Moscow: Kanon; 1996. 432 p. (In Russ.).

4. Source Studies: tutorial. Responsible editor: M.F. Rumyantseva. Moscow: Publishing house of the Higher School of Economics; 2015. 684 p. (In Russ.).

5. Komsomolskaya Pravda. Organ of the Central and Moscow Komsomol committees. Moscow; 1937. (In Russ.).

6. Klyusko EM. Current state of the categorical apparatus of leisure theory (based on materials of foreign researchers). Vestnik MGUKI. 2016;1(69):170-181. (In Russ.).

7. Lebina N. Soviet everyday life: norms and anomalies. From war communism to big style. Moscow: New Literary Review; 2015. 488 p. (In Russ.).

8. Lebina NB. Everyday life of the Soviet city: Norms and anomalies. 1920-1930. St. Petersburg: Magazine "Neva" Summer Garden. 316 p.

9. Lobanova DV. Komsomol of Stavropol on the pages of the newspaper "Young Leninist" (19341937). Gumanitarnye i yuridicheskie issledovaniya. 2016;1(69):170-181. (In Russ.).

10. Malovichko SI, Bulygina TA. Modern historical science and the study of local history in New local history. Issue 1. New local history: methods, sources, metropolitan and provincial historiography: materials of the first All-Russian scientific Internet conference, Stavropol, May 23, 2003 Stavropol: SSU Publishing House; 2003. 262 p. (In Russ.).

11. Mamardashvili M. Consciousness and civilization. St. Petersburg: Azbooka, AzbookaAttikus; 2019. 352 p. (In Russ.).

12. Young Leninist. Daily newspaper of the North Caucasian Regional Committee of the Komsomol. Pyatigorsk; 1936. (In Russ.).

13. Young Leninist. Daily newspaper of the North Caucasian Regional Committee of the Komsomol. Pyatigorsk; 1937. (In Russ.).

14. The order of voters to the Pyatigorsk Council of the X convocation of 1934 Pyatigorsk: North Caucasian State Publishing House; 1935. 48 p. (In Russ.).

15. Nogina EV. Sociocultural development of the urban population of Stavropol in 1920-1930: experience in historical research. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of historical sciences. Stavropol; 2004. 28 p. (In Russ.).

16. Orlov IB. Soviet everyday life: historical and sociological aspects of formation. Moscow: Ed. House of State. University of Higher School of Economics; 2010. 316 p. (In Russ.).

17. Report on the work of the Pyatigorsk City Council of the IX convocation. 1931 – 1934. Pyatigorsk: North Caucasus Regional State Publishing House; 1935. 60 p. (In Russ.).

18. Petrenko OA. Formation and development of the Soviet periodical press system in Stavropol in the 1920s – 1930s. Abstract of a dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences. Rostov-on-Don; 2006. 20 p. (In Russ.).

19. Podvorko NV. Seal of the Caucasian Mineral Waters: history, typology, current state. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences. Rostov-on-Don; 2008. 28 p. (In Russ.).

20. Soviet art. Organ of the All-Union Committee for Arts under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR. Moscow; 1937. (In Russ.).

21. Stalin’s guys. Organ of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of theAll-Union Leninist Young Communist League of the North Caucasus Region. Pyatigorsk; 1936. (In Russ.).

22. Stalin’s guys. Organ of the Organizational Bureau of the Central Committee of theAll-Union Leninist Young Communist League of the North Caucasus Region. Pyatigorsk; 1937. (In Russ.).

23. Turitsyn IV., Karmov RK. "Belt of friendship" or Transcaucasian winter run of 1935-1936: from the history of Russian horse transitions. Sovremennaya nauchnaya mysl’. Nauchnyi zhurnal NII istorii, ekonomiki i prava. Moscow. 2018;(1):45-60. (In Russ.).

24. Turovskaya Maya. Dragon’s Teeth. Moscow: AST: Corpus Publishing House; 2015. 656 p. (In Russ.).

25. Fitzpatrick Sh. Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s. Moscow, Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN); Foundation of the First President of Russia BN Yeltsin; 2008. 336 p. (In Russ.).