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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-801</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ И АРХЕОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИНСТИТУТЕ ZOFONES И ЕГО РОЛИ В ВООРУЖЁННЫХ СИЛАХ ГОРОДОВ СЕВЕРНОЙ И СРЕДНЕЙ ИТАЛИИ XIII - XIV ВВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE INSTITUTE OF ZOFONES AND ITS ROLE IN NORTH AND CENTRAL ITALY CITIES ARMORED TROOPS IN XIII–XIV CENTURIES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимченко</surname><given-names>Виктор Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timchenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">doomer10@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NCFU</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимченко В.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимченко В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timchenko V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/801">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/801</self-uri><abstract><p>Раскрываются наиболее характерные черты такого свойственного многим городам Северной и Средней Италии XIII - XIV вв. рода войск как zofones. Основное внимание уделяется принципам их комплектования, функциям на поле боя, наступательному и оборонительному вооружению, социальному положению входивших в него бойцов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The most typical features of such armed forces as a zofones, which were distinguishing to many cities of Northern and Central Italy in XIII-XIV centuries are disclosed in this article. It focuses on the principles of their acquisition, functions on the battlefield, offensive and defensive arms, social status of warriors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Средние века</kwd><kwd>коммунальная милиция</kwd><kwd>компании Удачи</kwd><kwd>пополаны</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Middle Ages</kwd><kwd>communal militia</kwd><kwd>soldiers of Fortune</kwd><kwd>popolans</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виллани Дж. 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