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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37494/2409-1030-2018-3-29-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-329</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ И АРХЕОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«МОДЕЛЬ РАЗРЫВА» КАК АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ МИГРАЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В КОНЦЕ XX ВЕКА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE "GAP MODEL" AS AN ANALITICAL TOOL TO STUDY MIGRATION POLICY IN THE END OF XX CENTURY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апрыщенко</surname><given-names>Виктор Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apryshchenko</surname><given-names>Victor</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">victorapr@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южный федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Апрыщенко В.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Апрыщенко В.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Apryshchenko V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/329">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/329</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена изучению одной из двух моделей исследования современной миграционной политики. «Модель разрыва» основывается на представлении о существовании значительного разрыва между правительственной политикой в области миграции в большинстве стран мира, происходящего из различных групповых интересов. В статье анализируются факторы, способствующие усилению разрыва между политическими декларациями и реальной ситуацией в сфере миграционной политики. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что реальная экономическая и политическая ситуация не учитывается при анализе миграционной политики, вследствие чего, образовывается несоответствие между политическими декларациями и реально складывающейся ситуацией в среде мигрантов. На обширном фактологическом материале автор статьи анализирует эвристический потенциал модели, приходя к выводу о том, что она представляет собой важный инструмент изучения миграционной политики. Для достижения наиболее объективных и качественных научных выводов, автор обращает внимание на развитие миграционной политики в разных странах ХХ столетия. При анализе проблем миграционной политики, автор столкнулся с такой проблемой, как неясность алгоритма и методов установления точного размера несовпадения между официальными обещаниями со стороны власти и реальной миграционной обстановкой. Интересно, что так называемый «метод разрыва» также позволил выявить причину проведения неудачной миграционной политики, по мнению автора она заключается в дифференциации в уровне доходов и возможности достижения желаемого уровня жизни, что, в свою очередь, приводит к незаконному пересечению границы. Изучая проблемы осуществления миграционной политики, автор находит еще одну причину, затрудняющую работу правительства по этому вопросу. «Политический провал» проводимой миграционной политики вызывает общественные недовольства со стороны коренного населения, что в свою очередь, образует новый вызов власти и пересмотр действующего миграционного законодательства. Тем не менее, автор не считает оценку общественного мнения серьезным индикатором провала иммиграционной политики, так как это не всегда эффективный критерий оценки действий национальных властей, так как эти оценки не объективны и могут проявляться во времена экономического спада, следовательно, население может связывать экономические трудности с присутствием мигрантов, что не всегда может быть объективной связью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article studies two intellectual models describing modern migration process. The "conflict model" is based on the idea about the gap between government policy in migration sphere and the public opinion. In modern countries this gap is caused by different group interests. The article analyzes different factors enhancing this gap between political declarations and the reality. With the reference to facts the author demonstrates heuristic potential of the model and concludes that in may be considered as an important instrument for the study of migration policy. To achieve the most objective and qualitative scientific conclusions, the author draws attention to the development of migration policy in different countries of the XX century. Analyzing the problems of migration policy, the author faced the problem of uncertainty of the algorithm and methods to determine the exact amount of discrepancy between the official promises of the authorities and the real migration situation. Notably, the so-called "gap method" also reveales the reason of the failed migration policy; according to the author, it is the differentiation in the level of income and the possibility of achieving the desired standard of living, which, in turn, leads to illegal border crossing. Studying the problems of implementation of migration policy, the author finds another reason that complicates the work of the government on this issue. "Political failure" of the migration policy causes public discontent on the part of indigenous population, which, in turn, poses a new challenge to the authorities and promotes the revision of the current migration legislation. Nevertheless, the author does not consider the assessment of public opinion as a serious indicator of the failure of immigration policy, as it is not always an effective criterion to assess the actions of national authorities, as these estimates are not objective and can be announced in the times of economic downturn, therefore, the population can associate economic difficulties with the presence of migrants, which may not always be an objective link.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миграция</kwd><kwd>интеграция</kwd><kwd>иммиграционная политика</kwd><kwd>«модель разрыва»</kwd><kwd>Соединенные Штаты Америки</kwd><kwd>Европа</kwd><kwd>общественное мнение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>migration</kwd><kwd>integration</kwd><kwd>immigration policy</kwd><kwd>"gap model"</kwd><kwd>the USA</kwd><kwd>Europe</kwd><kwd>public opinion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Апрыщенко В. 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