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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2409-1030.2026.2.8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-1691</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Установление народовластия в республике Флоренции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Establishing popular sovereignty in the Florentine Republic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4951-6609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Александровна Краснова, Доктор исторических наук, профессор</p><p>д.1, ул. Пушкина, 355017, Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Krasnova, Dr. Sc. (History), Professor</p><p>1, Pushkin str., 355017, Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorward_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-6197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амбарцумян</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ambartsumyan</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каринэ Размиковна Амбарцумян, Доктор исторических наук, доцент</p><p>д.1, ул. Пушкина, 355017, Ставрополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karine R. Ambartsumyan, Dr. Sc. (History), Associate Professor</p><p>1, Pushkin str., 355017, Stavropol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karina-best21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Caucasus Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>243</fpage><lpage>252</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Краснова И.А., Амбарцумян К.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Краснова И.А., Амбарцумян К.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasnova I.A., Ambartsumyan K.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1691">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1691</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В 1293 г. во Флоренции были приняты «Установления справедливости» - подобие демократической конституции, которые узаконили преобладание в управлении городом-государством пополанов – простых ремесленников и торговцев. Этот политический режим в основе своей сохранился вплоть до конца 1532 г., когда республика Флоренция перестала существовать как самостоятельное государство. Несмотря широкий доступ к государственным постам, пришедший к власти народ не достиг социального единства, разделившись на бедных – «тощий народ» и богатых – «жирный народ». Материалы и методы. Статья написана с применением методов традиционного исторического исследования. Анализ представленного материала показывает, что три поколения семьи Медичи, происходя из пополанских слоев, хотя и привнесли в общество города-государства определенные элементы олигархического правления, особенно заметные при Лоренцо Медичи, тем не менее, не свергли и не демонтировали республиканский строй. Он был уничтожен войсками иноземцев. Результаты. Проведенное исследование позволило сделать вывод о том, что к концу XIV в. Флоренция представляла собой республику с явными признаками демократического устройства.  </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. In 1293, the “Statutes of Justice” were adopted in Florence, a semblance of a democratic constitution that legitimized the predominance of the popolani – simple artisans and merchants – in governing the city-state. This political regime essentially persisted until the end of 1532, when the Republic of Florence ceased to exist as an independent state. Despite wide access to government posts, the people who came to power did not achieve social unity, dividing themselves into the poor – the “lean people” – and the rich – the “fat people”. Materials and Methods. The article is written using traditional historical research methods. The analysis shows that three generations of the Medici family, descended from the popolani strata, although they introduced certain elements of oligarchic rule into the society of the city-state, especially noticeable under Lorenzo de’ Medici, nevertheless did not overthrow or dismantle the republican system. It was destroyed by foreign troops. Results. The study concluded that by the end of the 14th century, Florence was a republic with clear signs of a democratic structure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коммуна</kwd><kwd>пополаны</kwd><kwd>гонфалоны</kwd><kwd>цехи</kwd><kwd>гонфалоньер справедливости</kwd><kwd>«жирный народ»</kwd><kwd>«тощий народ»</kwd><kwd>приорат цехов</kwd><kwd>капитан народа</kwd><kwd>снос башен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>commune</kwd><kwd>popolani</kwd><kwd>gonfaloni</kwd><kwd>guilds</kwd><kwd>gonfaloniere della sud’ (Gonfaloniere of Justice)</kwd><kwd>“fat people</kwd><kwd>” “lean people</kwd><kwd>” priory of the guilds</kwd><kwd>captain of the people</kwd><kwd>demolition of the towers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виллани Д. Новая хроника или история Флоренции / пер., ст. и примеч. М.А. Юсима. 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