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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2409-1030.2026.1.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-1660</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предсказания будущего в Древней Греции: между рациональным и иррациональным (к вопросу о некоторых чертах менталитета эллинов)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Predicting the future in Ancient Greece: between the rational and the irrational (on some traits of Hellenic mentality)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2292-4787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казаров</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazarov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саркис Суренович Казаров, доктор исторических наук, профессор </p><p>д.105/ 42, ул. Большая Садовая, Ростов-на-Дону, 344006 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sarkis S. Kazarov, Dr. Sc. (History), Professor </p><p>105/42, Bolshaya Sadovaya St., 344006, Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ser-kazarov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7044-4781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Michaylov</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав Борисович Михайлов, кандидат исторических наук, преподава </p><p>д.105/ 42, ул. Большая Садовая, Ростов-на-Дону, 344006 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav B. Michaylov, Cand. Sc. (History), Lecturer </p><p>105/42, Bolshaya Sadovaya St., 344006, Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wlad_27@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южный федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казаров С.С., Михайлов В.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казаров С.С., Михайлов В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazarov S.S., Michaylov V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1660">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1660</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Человеку любой эпохи, в том числе и античной, было свойственно стремление заглянуть в свое будущее. Наиболее распространенным способом получения информации было обращение к оракулам, ответы которых вызывали доверие. С другой стороны, запросы, адресованные богам, позволяют нам понять особенности менталитета греков.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Раскрытие данной темы предполагает сочетание нарративных (труды Геродота, Ксенофонта, Плутаха, Павсания), и эпиграфических источников (свинцовые таблички из Додоны, содержащие вопросы и просьбы, адресованные богам). Основным методом исследования является сравнительноисторический и метод системного анализа, позволяющий сравнивать и систематизировать содержащуюся в источниках информацию.</p></sec><sec><title>Анализ</title><p>Анализ. Неопределенность побуждает людей пытаться получить знания, которые, по их мнению, необходимы для принятия правильного решения в конкретной ситуации. Для развития этих (предполагаемых) знаний, которые могут относиться к прошлому, настоящему или будущему, требуется внешняя информация. Данные, и интерпретации этих данных необходимы для осмысления мира. Для этого мы можем обратиться к специалистам, таким как психологи, журналисты или экономисты. Их внешняя информация позволяет нам обдумать ситуацию, в которой мы оказались. Это облегчает принятие решений: внешняя информация уменьшает неопределенность, поскольку мы считаем, что руководствуемся надежной информацией. В древнем мире, особенно в Древней Греции, важной частью этой внешней информации было гадание: признание и интерпретация знаков, которые, как считалось, исходили от сверхъестественного. Результаты гадания внушали чувство уверенности, облегчая принятие решений, которые приходилось принимать в повседневной жизни.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Таким образом, любой грек, от царя до раба — был потенциальным пользователем гадания. Публичное (официальное) и частное (неофициальное) гадание, с экспертом или без него, было очень распространено. Если использовался эксперт, люди либо консультировались с местным экспертом, либо преодолевали большие расстояния, чтобы удовлетворить свою потребность в экспертных знаниях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. People of any era, including ancient times, have always had a desire to glimpse into the future. The most common way to obtain information was by consulting oracles, whose answers were considered trustworthy. On the other hand, the inquiries addressed to the gods allow us to understand the peculiarities of the Greek mentality.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. This topic is explored using a combination of narrative (the works of Herodotus, Xenophon, Plutachus, and Pausanias) and epigraphic sources (lead tablets from Dodona containing questions and requests addressed to the gods). The primary research method is comparative historical analysis and systems analysis, which allows for the comparison and systematization of information contained in the sources.</p></sec><sec><title>Analysis</title><p>Analysis. Uncertainty motivates people to seek knowledge they believe is necessary to make the right decision in a given situation. Developing this (presumed) knowledge, which may relate to the past, present, or future, requires external information. Data and interpretations of that data are essential for making sense of the world. For this, we can turn to experts such as psychologists, journalists, or economists. Their external information allows us to consider the situation we find ourselves in. This facilitates decision-making: external information reduces uncertainty because we believe we are guided by reliable information. In the ancient world, especially in ancient Greece, an important part of this external information was divination: the recognition and interpretation of signs believed to originate from the supernatural. The results of divination inspired the sense of confidence, facilitating the decisions we had to make in everyday life.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Thus, any Greek, from king to slave, was a potential client of divination services. Public (official) and private (informal) divination, with or without an expert, was very common. In case of an expert, people either consulted a local expert or traveled long distances to satisfy their need for expert knowledge.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Древняя Греция</kwd><kwd>менталитет эллинов</kwd><kwd>древнегреческая мантика</kwd><kwd>восприятие прошлого</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ancient Greece</kwd><kwd>the mentality of the Hellenic people</kwd><kwd>ancient Greek mantics</kwd><kwd>perception of the past</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aune DE. Divination and prophecy // Religions on the ancient World / ed. S.I. Johnston. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2004. P. 370 – 391</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aune DE. Divination and prophecy // Religions on the ancient World / ed. S.I. Johnston. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2004. 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