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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2409-1030.2025.1.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-1532</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Министерство иностранных дел империи Габсбургов: история создания, принципы комплектования и подготовки кадров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The ministry of foreign affairs of the Habsburg empire: history of establishment, recruitment and training principles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4932-7666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградный</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradny</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Александрович Виноградный – aспирант</p><p>д. 1, ул. Пушкина, Ставрополь, 355017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris A. Vinogradny – Postgraduate student</p><p>1, Pushkin St., Stavropol, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Bvins77@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Caucasus Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Виноградный Б.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Виноградный Б.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vinogradny B.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1532">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1532</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье рассматриваются основные принципы формирования министерства иностранных дел империи Габсбургов, включая процесс подготовки профессиональных кадров в специальных образовательных учреждениях, социальный, национальный состав дипломатической и консульской службы, их структура.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В процессе работы над темой привлекались работы зарубежных и отечественных авторов и исторические источники, включающие материалы из фондов Архива внешней политики Российской империи, мемуары О.Чернина, В. фон Бюлова и исследование О. Яси.</p></sec><sec><title>Анализ</title><p>Анализ. В статье отмечается, что с XVIII в. центром внешнеполитической деятельности Австрийской империи становятся Балканы и Ближний Восток. В сложившейся ситуации в 1720 г. в империи создается государственная структура, координирующая внешнюю политику, и академия восточных языков, которая должна была ликвидировать дефицит профессиональных кадров во внешнеполитическом ведомстве Австрии. До середины XIX в. дипломатическая и консульская службы находились в ведении различных ведомств, после чего консульства были переданы введение министерства иностранных дел. Дипломатическая и консульская службы создавались на принципах, присущих государственному аппарату империи Габсбургов в целом: наднациональность, надсословность, верность династии Габсбургов. Аристократия, дворянство и буржуазия рассматривали дипломатическую и консульскую службы в качестве престижной формы профессиональной деятельности. При формальном равенстве прохождения службы во внешнеполитическом ведомстве империи Габсбургов в ней доминировали представители аристократии и дворянства. В период дуализма Венгрия добилась увеличения численности своих граждан в посольствах, консульствах империи за рубежом и в центральном аппарате министерства иностранных дел. На рубеже XIX – XX вв. по инициативе А.Голуховского была проведена значительная реформа системы подготовки кадров для внешнеполитического ведомства Австро-Венгрии, направленная на усиление практических знаний студентов и на расширение специализации дисциплин. К Первой мировой войне империя Габсбургов создает разветвленную сеть посольств и консульств для расширения своего влияния в различных регионах мира.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. К 1914 г. Австро-Венгрия смогла создать профессиональное внешнеполитическое ведомство, которое через прохождение обучения в специализированных учебных заведениях и сдачу соответствующего экзамена привлекала в свои ряды представителей различных народов и социальных групп населения при доминировании представителей аристократии и дворянства. Министерство иностранных дел империи Габсбургов последовательно отстаивало интересы династии и империи, стремясь поддержать ее статус в качестве «великой державы».</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The article deals with the basic principles of the formation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Habsburg Empire, including the process of training professional staff in special educational institutions, social, national composition of the diplomatic and consular service, and their structure.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. In the process of working on the topic the works of foreign and domestic authors and historical sources were utilized, including materials   from the collections of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, memoirs of O. Chernin, W. von Bulow and the study of O. Yasi.  </p></sec><sec><title>Analysis</title><p>Analysis. The article notes that since the 18th century, the Balkans and the Middle East have become the focus of the foreign policy activities of the Austrian Empire. In 1720, in response to the prevailing circumstances, the empire established a state institution to coordinate foreign policy and an academy of Oriental languages. This initiative aimed to address the shortage of professional staff within foreign policy department of Austria. Until the mid-19th century, the diplomatic and consular services were under the jurisdiction of different departments, after which the consulates were transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The diplomatic and consular services were established on the principles inherent in the state apparatus of the Habsburg Empire as a whole: supra-national and supra-estate nature, loyalty to the Habsburg dynasty. The aristocracy, nobility and bourgeoisie regarded diplomatic and consular service as a prestigious form of professional activity. While there was formal equality of service in the foreign policy department of the Habsburg Empire, it was dominated by members of the aristocracy and nobility. During the period of dualism Hungary achieved an increase in the number of its citizens in embassies, consulates of the Empire abroad and in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, a significant reform of the staff training system for the Austro-Hungarian foreign policy department was initiated by A. Goluchowski. This reform aimed to enhance students’ practical knowledge and increase the specialization of disciplines. By the First World War, the Habsburg Empire created an extensive network of embassies and consulates to expand its influence in various regions of the world.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. By 1914 Austria-Hungary was able to create a professional foreign policy department, which, through training in specialized educational institutions and passing the appropriate examination, attracted to its ranks representatives of various nations and social groups, with the aristocracy and nobility dominating. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Habsburg Empire consistently defended the interests of the dynasty and the Empire, seeking to maintain its status as a “great power”.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дипломатия</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика</kwd><kwd>империя Габсбургов</kwd><kwd>генеральное консульство</kwd><kwd>Венгрия</kwd><kwd>посольство</kwd><kwd>консул</kwd><kwd>Османская империя</kwd><kwd>школа восточных языков</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diplomacy</kwd><kwd>foreign policy</kwd><kwd>Habsburg Empire</kwd><kwd>consulate general</kwd><kwd>Hungary</kwd><kwd>embassy</kwd><kwd>consul</kwd><kwd>Ottoman Empire</kwd><kwd>school of Oriental languages</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архив внешней политики Российской империи (АВП РИ). Ф. 153. Особый политический отдел. Оп. 668. 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