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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2409-1030.2020.1.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-143</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНГЛИЙСКИЕ АЛЬПИНИСТЫ ОТКРЫВАЮТ КАВКАЗ (ПОСЛЕДНЯЯ ТРЕТЬ XIX - НАЧАЛО ХХ вв.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ENGLISH MOUNTAINEERS DISCOVER THE CAUCASUS (LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантюхина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pantyukhina</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pantyukhina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Caucasus Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пантюхина Т.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пантюхина Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pantyukhina T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/143">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/143</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье освещается роль английских альпинистов в исследовании Кавказа в последней трети XIX - начале ХХ вв., что не являлось предметом изучения отечественной историографии. Альпинизм приобрел популярность в середине Викторианской эпохи в Англии, что было обусловлено процессом самоидентификации средних классов, самосознание которых базировалось на идее мускулинности, а также процессом конструирования имперской идеологии. Альпинизм оказался идеальным воплощением понятий мускулинности, имперской экспансии и завоевания. Английский альпинизм зародился в Альпийских горах. В течение 1850-1860-х гг. все крупные альпийские вершины были покорены и исследованы англичанами. К тому времени альпинизм приобрел организованные формы под эгидой Альпийского клуба, созданного в 1857 г., и приобрел исследовательский характер. Потребность в новых локациях пробудила интерес к Кавказу. В конце 1860-х гг. английские альпинисты направились на Кавказ, который они рассматривали как новую площадку для спорта и досуга, а также как поле для научных изысканий. В то время Кавказ для европейцев оставался неизведанной землей, поскольку отсутствовали научно обоснованные данные и достоверные карты местности. Члены Альпийского клуба внесли значительный вклад в изучение Кавказа. Они собирали образцы растений, окаменелостей и горных пород. Они составляли топографические заметки, собирали информацию, представлявшую ценность для дальнейших исследований и путешествий. Результаты их экспедиций публиковались в Альпийском Журнале и научных периодических изданиях. Их отчеты о восхождениях, описания горных вершин, долин и ледников сыграли важную роль в создании научной карты Кавказа. Многие альпинисты внесли вклад в литературу своими травелогами на кавказскую тему. К концу XIX столетия все крупные вершины центрального Кавказа, за исключением Ушбы, были покорены английскими альпинистами. С начала ХХ в. их активность в регионе заметно падает. Новые маршруты на Кавказе прокладывают альпинисты из Германии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper features the involvement of British alpinists in the exploration of the Caucasus in the late XIX - early XX centuries, which has not been a subject of research in Russian historiography. Mountaineering gained high popularity in mid-Victorian England, which was stipulated by the development of middle class identity, based on the idea of masculinity, and the construction of imperial culture. Mountaineering was considered as a perfect embodiment of masculinity, imperial expansion and conquest. British mountaineering started in the Alps. During 1850s - 1860s all major Alpine peaks were ascended and explored by the British. By that time mountaineering developed into an organized activity under the leadership of the Alpine Club founded in 1857. A growing demand for new climbs sparked an interest in the Caucasus. In the late 1860s British alpinists headed for the Caucasian mountains, which they considered as a new playground for leisure and sport as well as a field for exploration. Until then the Caucasus was an uncharted territory for Europeans since there were no reliable maps of the region or scientific data. Members of the Alpine Club made a considerable contribution to the exploration of the Caucasus. They collected specimens of plants, fossils and rocks. They compiled topographical notes and recorded detailed information valuable for further research and travel: lists of the chief peaks and passes, the heights of the peaks and passes. The results of their expeditions were published in the Alpine Journal or English academic periodicals. The accounts of their ascents, detailed summaries of climbs and bright descriptions of peaks, valleys and glaciers were instrumental in creating a scientific map of the Caucasus. Many alpinists contributed to literature by their Caucasian travelogues. By the late 1890s all the major peaks in the central Caucasus except Ushba had been scaled by the English. The British mountaineering activities in the Caucasus decreased in the early XXth century. The major new routes were put up by German expeditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альпинизм</kwd><kwd>Кавказ</kwd><kwd>экспедиции</kwd><kwd>Альпийский клуб</kwd><kwd>альпинистский травелог</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mountaineering</kwd><kwd>the Caucasus</kwd><kwd>expeditions</kwd><kwd>the Alpine Club</kwd><kwd>mountaineering travelogue</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильин А. Ушба // Известия Императорского Русского географического общества. 1883. Т. 19. С. 166-220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ильин А. Ушба // Известия Императорского Русского географического общества. 1883. Т. 19. 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