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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2409-1030.2024.1.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-1383</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механизмы ограничения миграционных потоков в полемике членов Конгресса США (1920–1921 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanisms for limiting migration flows in the controversy of members of the US Congress (1920–1921)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6042-4374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гречишкина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grechishkina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>София Андреевна Гречишкина</p><p>д. 105/42, ул. Большая Садовая, Ростов-на-Дону, 344006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofiya A. Grechishkina</p><p>105/42, Bolshaya Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don, 344006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sgr@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южный федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гречишкина С.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гречишкина С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grechishkina S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1383">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1383</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. США в первой трети XX в. продолжали испытывать нагрузку на внутриполитическую жизнь по причине сохранявшегося объема внешней миграции. Заинтересованными политиками и общественными деятелями в этот период активно разрабатывались идеи регулирования миграционных процессов. Поскольку любое изменение закона проходит обсуждение в стенах высшего законодательного органа страны, то обращение к истории работы Конгресса США является непременным условием анализа немаловажной миграционной проблемы. Материалы и методы. Опора на документы Конгресса США, законодательные акты, а также периодическую печать позволила проанализировать процесс разработки мер по ограничению иммиграционного потока в США в период 1920 – 1921 гг. Принцип объективности и сравнительно-исторический метод, примененный в работе, позволил проследить различия в позициях представителей власти, проанализировать аргументы в пользу корректировки миграционного законодательства или сохранения существующих мер. Анализ. Рассмотрение политических дебатов дает возможность определить, что на процесс обсуждения и принятия решений влияла партийная принадлежность членов Конгресса. Поначалу, обсуждаемые ограничительные меры поддерживались республиканцами и демократами от южных штатов. Однако к 1921 г., на фоне экономической рецессии, мнения демократов изменились в пользу открытой поддержки рестрикционизма или молчаливого согласия. Результаты. Причина изменений в позициях демократов заключалась в переоценке электората партии, поскольку ограничительный вектор политики был задан в 1917 г. и отложенный эффект избирательного процесса был уже невыполним. Кроме того, откровенное лоббирование крупными предпринимателями своих интересов по миграционному вопросу, в том числе через представителей демократической партии, стало резко критиковаться обществом. Следовательно, для сохранения политического веса, партия была вынуждена пересмотреть отношение к миграционному вопросу. Основным механизмом ограничения был выбран количественный показатель, который предполагал введение квоты для каждой страны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. In the first third of the XX century, the United States continued to experience a strain on domestic political life due to the continued volume of external migration. During this period, the concerned politicians and public figures actively developed measures to regulate migration processes. Since any change in the law is being discussed within the walls of the highest legislative body of the country, an insight into the history of the work of the US Congress is an indispensable condition to analyze an important migration problem. Materials and Methods. Reference to the documents of the US Congress, legislative acts, as well as the periodical press made it possible to analyze the process of developing measures to limit the immigration flow to the United States in the period 1920–1921. The principle of objectivity and the comparative historical method used in the work made it possible to trace differences in the positions of government representatives, analyze arguments in favor of adjusting migration legislation or preserving existing measures. Analysis. The study has specified that the process of discussion and decision-making was influenced by the party affiliation of members of the Congress. At first, Republicans and Democrats from southern states supported the restrictive measures under discussion. However, by 1921, against the background of the economic recession, the opinions of Democrats changed in favor of open support for restrictionism or tacit consent. Results. The reason for the changes in the positions of the Democrats was the reassessment of the electorate of the party since the restrictive vector of policy was set in 1917 and the delayed effect of the electoral process was no longer feasible. In addition, the outspoken lobbying by large entrepreneurs of their interests on the migration issue, including through representatives of the Democratic Party, was openly criticized by society. Consequently, to maintain political weight, the party was forced to reconsider its attitude to the migration issue. The main mechanism of restriction was the quantitative indicator stipulating a quota for each country.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миграция</kwd><kwd>Конгресс США</kwd><kwd>рестрикционизм</kwd><kwd>иммиграционная политика</kwd><kwd>законодательство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>migration</kwd><kwd>US Congress</kwd><kwd>restriction</kwd><kwd>immigration policy</kwd><kwd>legislation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">600 000 aliens in year senate limit // The New York herald. 11 Feb. 1921. 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