<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2409-1030.2023.4.16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-1353</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ И АРХЕОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Женщины в праворадикальный партиях ФРГ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Women in the right-wing radical parties of Germany at the beginning of the XXI century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8936-1907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shsherbakov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вячеслав Юрьевич Щербаков, Кандидат исторических наук, доцент   </p><p>д. 105/42, ул. Б. Садовая, Ростов-на-Дону, 344006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav Yu. Shsherbakov, </p><p>105/42, B. Sadovaya St., Rostov-on-Don, 344006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vysherbakov@sfedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южный федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>671</fpage><lpage>676</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щербаков В.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щербаков В.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shsherbakov V.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1353">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1353</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Усиление роли женщин во всех сферах общественной и политической жизни современной Федеративной республики Германии, характерное для XXI в., затронуло и праворадикальную часть политического спектра, традиционно ориентированного на «мужские ценности». Всё больше немецких женщин, придерживающихся националистических, антисемитских, расистских, антимигрантских взглядов, в рамках общей политической тенденции не только голосуют за крайне правых, но и активно действуют в партиях «справа от центра», постепенно проникая в их руководящие структуры на самых разных уровнях. При этом, они откровенно ориентируются на опыт демократических «традиционных партий», в которых женщины в начале XXI в. занимают уже не просто равное с мужчинами, а часто лидирующее положение.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование построено на анализе источников, прежде всего партийных основополагающих и предвыборных программ и уставных документов, а также материалов статистики и немецкой прессы. Был использован системный комплексный подход, конкретно-исторический и сравнительно-исторические методы.</p></sec><sec><title>Анализ</title><p>Анализ. В статье рассмотрена эволюция влияния женщина на политику праворадикальных организаций ФРГ, что подразумевает частичный переход от положения «боевых подруг» к определённой самостоятельности и даже формирование собственно «женской» политики, в которой многое заимствовано у демократических организаций, хотя и с опорой на традиционные для крайне правых методы и ценности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По итогам проведенного исследования можно сделать вывод о том, что в начале XXI роль женщин в праворадикальных структурах ФРГ постепенно возрастает. Представительницы «слабого пола» входят в состав правлений многих организаций «справа от центра». Тем не менее, они по-прежнему занимают преимущественно второстепенные позиции, принимая политическое доминирование мужчин. Женщины-лидеры, действующие в праворадикальном спектре, остаются скорее исключением из правил. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The increasing role of women in all spheres of public and political life in the modern Federal Republic of Germany, which is characteristic of the twenty-first century, has also affected the right-wing part of the political spectrum, which is traditionally oriented towards "male values". More and more German women who hold nationalist, anti-Semitic, racist, and anti-migrant views are not only voting for the extreme right as part of a general political trend, but are also active in right-center parties gradually penetrating their leadership structures at various levels. At the same time, they are openly oriented towards the experience of democratic "traditional parties", in which women at the beginning of the 21st century occupy not just an equal position with men, but often a leading position.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of sources, primarily party founding and pre-election programs and statutory documents, as well as statistical materials and German press. A systematic comprehensive approach, specific-historical and comparative-historical methods were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Analysis</title><p>Analysis. The article considers the evolution of women's influence on the politics of right-wing radical organizations in Germany, which implies a partial transition from the position of "combat friend" to a certain independence and even the formation of "women's" politics proper, in which much is borrowed from democratic organizations, albeit with reliance on methods and values traditional for the far right.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that at the beginning of the 21st century, the role of women in right-wing radical organizations in Germany is gradually increasing. There are women on the boards of many center-right organizations. Nevertheless, they still occupy mostly secondary positions, accepting the political dominance of men. Women leaders operating in the right-wing radical spectrum remain the exception to the rule.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>правый экстремизм</kwd><kwd>неонацизм</kwd><kwd>феминизм</kwd><kwd>Национал-демократическая партия Германии</kwd><kwd>отрицание Холокоста</kwd><kwd>мультикультурализм</kwd><kwd>миграционный кризис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>right-wing extremism</kwd><kwd>neo-Nazism</kwd><kwd>feminism</kwd><kwd>National Democratic Party of Germany</kwd><kwd>Holocaust denial</kwd><kwd>multiculturalism</kwd><kwd>migration crisis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурмистрова Е. С. Трансформация партийной идентичности немецких правых радикалов: в поисках «женской поддержки» // Вестник российского университета Дружбы народов. Серия: Политология. 2021. № 4(23). С.707-717.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burmistrova E. S. Transformation of party identity of German right-wing radicals: in search of "female support". Vestnik rossijskogo universiteta Druzhby narodov. Seriya: Politologiya. 2021;4:707-717. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adler S. Unterm Radar. Frauen in der rechtsextremen Szene. URL: https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/frauen-in-der-rechtsextremenszene-unterm-radar.1076.de.html?dram:article_id=479226 (accessed: 07.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adler S. Unterm Radar. Frauen in der rechtsextremen Szene. URL: https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/frauen-in-der-rechtsextremenszene-unterm-radar.1076.de.html?dram:article_id=479226 (accessed: 07.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aktion Neustart – Das Aussteigerprogramm «Extremismus». URL:https://www.verfassungsschutz.niedersachsen.de/startseite/ (accessed: 04.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aktion Neustart - Das Aussteigerprogramm «Extremismus». URL:https://www.verfassungsschutz.niedersachsen.de/startseite/ (accessed: 04.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Als Mann in der Feministischen Partei DIE FRAUEN. Interview mit Frank-Michael Malchow. URL: http://www.feministischepartei.de/fileadmin/user_upload/fmm-interview08_-_Kopie.pdf (accessed: 4.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Als Mann in der Feministischen Partei DIE FRAUEN. Interview mit Frank-Michael Malchow. URL: http://www.feministischepartei.de/fileadmin/user_upload/fmm-interview08_-_Kopie.pdf (accessed: 04.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anteil der Frauen an den Mitgliedern der politischen Parteien in Deutschland am 31. Dezember 2019. URL: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/192247/umfrage/frauenanteil-in-den-politischen-parteien/ (accessed: 04.9.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anteil der Frauen an den Mitgliedern der politischen Parteien in Deutschland am 31. Dezember 2019. URL: https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/192247/umfrage/frauenanteil-in-den-politischen-parteien/ (accessed: 04.9.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arbeit, Familie, Vaterland. Unser Programm für Deutschland. S. 48. URL: https://npd.de/themen/ (accessed: 06.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arbeit, Familie, Vaterland. Unser Programm für Deutschland. 48 р. URL: https://npd.de/themen/ (accessed: 06.10.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braun und weiblich: Frauen in der rechten Szene BR. URL: dehttps://www.br.de/nachricht/rechtsaussen/rechtsextremismus-extremismusfrauen-100.html (accessed: 03.09.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braun und weiblich: Frauen in der rechten Szene  BR. URL: dehttps://www.br.de/nachricht/rechtsaussen/rechtsextremismus-extremismusfrauen-100.html (accessed: 03.09.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bundesvorstand. Die Grunen. URL: https://www.gruene.de/personen (accessed: 03.09.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bundesvorstand. Die Grunen. URL: https://www.gruene.de/personen (accessed: 03.09.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bundeswahl 2021. Ergebnistabelle. URL: https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse/bund-99.html (accessed: 10.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bundeswahl 2021. Ergebnistabelle. URL: https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse/bund-99.html (accessed: 10.10.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Die ganz harten Weichspülerinnen. URL: sueddeutsche.de/politik/rechtsradikale-frauen-weiblich-smart-extrem-die-ganz-harten-weichspuelerinnen-1.897569 (accessed: 04.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Die ganz harten Weichspülerinnen. URL: sueddeutsche.de/politik/rechtsradikale-frauen-weiblich-smart-extrem-die-ganz-harten-weichspuelerinnen-1.897569 (accessed: 04.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">«Die Waffe bin ich selbst». URL: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/frauen-in-der-neonazi-szene-immer-mehr-frauen-wollen-in-der-npdan-die-spitze (accessed: 04.11.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Die Waffe bin ich selbst”. URL: https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/frauen-in-der-neonazi-szene-immer-mehr-frauen-wollen-in-der-npdan-die-spitze (accessed: 04.11.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esen E. Zwischen Windelwickeln und Straßenkampf/ «Mitläuferinnen &amp; Macherinnen – Mädchen und rechtsextreme Orientierungen» am 28. Januar 2010 in Stuttgart. Stuttgart, 2010. 17 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esen E. Zwischen Windelwickeln und Straßenkampf/ «Mitläuferinnen &amp; Macherinnen – Mädchen und rechtsextreme Orientierungen»  am 28. Januar 2010 in Stuttgart. Stuttgart, 2010. 17 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Familie. Heimat. Gemeinschaft. URL: www.ring-nationaler-frauen.de (accessed: 04.11.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Familie. Heimat. Gemeinschaft. URL: www.ring-nationaler-frauen.de (accessed: 04.11.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feministische Partei Die Frauen. Parteiprogramm. Berlin, 86 р. URL: http://www.feministischepartei.de/fileadmin/datensammlung/dokumente/2021/2021_02_Programm_V21.pdf (accessed: 28.09.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feministische Partei Die Frauen. Parteiprogramm. Berlin, 86 р. URL: http://www.feministischepartei.de/fileadmin/daten-sammlung/dokumente/2021/2021_02_Programm_V21.pdf (accessed: 28.09.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holocaust-Leugnerin Haverbeck zu einjähriger Haftstrafe verurteilt URL: https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2022/04/berlin-landgerichtholocaust-haftstrafe.html (accessed: 04.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holocaust-Leugnerin Haverbeck zu einjähriger Haftstrafe verurteilt URL: https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2022/04/berlin-landgerichtholocaust-haftstrafe.html (accessed: 04.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lochaus S. Feminismus von ganz rechts? URL: https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2015-12/feminismus-marine-le-pen-frauke-petryrechtsextremismus? (accessed: 07.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lochaus S. Feminismus von ganz rechts? URL: https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2015-12/feminismus-marine-le-pen-frauke-petryrechtsextremismus? (accessed: 07.10.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Programm der Partei Die Rechte. 12 S. URL: https://die-rechte.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Programm 2018.pdf (accessed: 14.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Programm der Partei Die Rechte. 12 р. URL: https://die-rechte.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Programm 2018.pdf (accessed: 14.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">«Ring Nationaler Frauen» gegründet. URL: https://npd-sachsen.de/ring-nationaler-frauen-gegruende. (accessed: 14.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">«Ring Nationaler Frauen» gegründet. URL: https://npd-sachsen.de/ring-nationaler-frauen-gegruende. (accessed: 14.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verfassungsschutzbericht 2020. Berlin: Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat, 2021. 417 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verfassungsschutzbericht 2020. Berlin: Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat, 2021. 417 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Röpke A., Speit A. Mädelsache! Frauen in der Neonazi-Szene. Links Verlag, Berlin, 2012. 122 S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Röpke A., Speit A. Mädelsache! Frauen in der Neonazi-Szene. Links Verlag, Berlin, 2012. 122 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">10 Punkte Programm der Partei DER DRITTE WEG. URL: https://der-dritte-weg.info/zehn-punkte-programm/ (accessed: 14.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10 Punkte Programm der Partei DER DRITTE WEG. URL: https://der-dritte-weg.info/zehn-punkte-programm/ (accessed: 14.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiblich, selbstbewusst, rechtsextrem.URL: https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/frauen-in-der-npd-weiblich-selbstbewusst-rechtsextrem-1.1782899 (accessed: 15.08.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiblich, selbstbewusst, rechtsextrem. URL: https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/frauen-in-der-npd-weiblich-selbstbewusst-rechtsextrem-1.1782899 (accessed: 15.08.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wohltäter Hitler: Besuch bei Auschwitz-Leugnern. Panorama NDR. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfcoxBFpw-QU&amp;ab_channel=ARD (accessed: 17.10.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wohltäter Hitler: Besuch bei Auschwitz-Leugnern. Panorama NDR. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ffcox-BFpwQU&amp;ab_ channel=ARD (accessed: 17.10.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
