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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2409-1030.2023.3.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-1303</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Великое герцогство Берг в войнах Наполеона в полевом дневнике лейтенанта Циммерманна</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Grand Duchy of Berg in the Napoleonic Wars in the field diary of Lieutenant Zimmermann</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1881-1332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Испанов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ispanov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куангали Аманович Испанов, лаборант-исследователь,</p><p>д. 83, ул. Астраханская, Саратов, 410012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kuangali A. Ispanov, Laboratory assistant-researcher,</p><p>83, Astrakhan St., Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">disperato97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский Национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н.Г. Чернышевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>375</fpage><lpage>382</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Испанов К.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Испанов К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ispanov K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1303">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1303</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Став императором Франции в 1804 г., Наполеон Бонапарт оказался в крайне сложной геополитической обстановке: старые европейские монархии не спешили признавать легитимность власти новоиспеченного императора, поэтому Франции пришлось действовать не только силой оружия, но и демонстрацией эффективности нового порядка путем создания государств-моделей, расположенных на территории Германии и ставшими витриной. Одним из таких государств-моделей стало Великое Герцогство Берг, образованное на территории бывших герцогств Клеве и Берг в 1806 году. Наполеон направляет в молодое герцогство своих чиновников, активно проводит реформы для развития экономики, социальной сферы, а также реформы армии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Новообразованные воинские контингенты, набранные на территории государств, должны были принять участие в конфликтах I четверти XIX в., и Великое Герцогство Берг не стало исключением.</p></sec><sec><title>Анализ</title><p>Анализ. Встатье рассматривается отражение участия бергских пехотинцев в наполеоновских войнах с 1807 по 1814 гг. на страницах полевого дневника сержанта, а затем лейтенанта 1-го пехотного полка Великого Герцогства Берг П. Циммерманна. Внимание акцентировано на восприятии испанцев и русских немецкими солдатами, на образе войны в целом на основе упомянутого выше дневника. Образы, рисуемые Циммерманном, на первых порах амбивалентны: он отдает дань мужеству, упорству и патриотизму герильеров, сетует на жестокости и эксцессы, осуждает мародерство со стороны солдат союзных частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Трагическая судьба бергского контингента в России приводит автора дневника к рассуждениям о добре и зле, о боевом братстве, о бессмысленности потерь, брутальности казаков, неблагодарности немецких гражданских чиновников. Но лейтмотивом всего повествования служит прославление чести солдат и офицеров Берга, которые не теряли достоинства в самых опасных и тяжелых ситуациях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. After becoming emperor of France in 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte had to solve an extremely difficult geopolitical situation: the old European monarchies were in no hurry to recognize the legitimacy of the newly-made emperor’s power, so France had to act not only by force of arms, but also by demonstrating the effectiveness of the new order by creating model states located in Germany and becoming a showcase. One of these model states was the Grand Duchy of Berg, formed on the territory of the former duchies of Cleves and Berg in 1806. Napoleon sends his officials to the young duchy, actively carries out reforms for the development of the economy, the social sphere, as well as reforms of the army.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Newly formed military contingents recruited on the territory of the states were to take part in the conflicts of the first quarter of the XIX century, and the Grand Duchy of Berg was no exception.</p></sec><sec><title>Analysis</title><p>Analysis. The article considers the reflection of the participation of the Berg infantry in the Napoleonic Wars from 1807 to 1814 on the pages of the field diary of sergeant and then lieutenant of the 1st Infantry Regiment of the Grand Duchy of Berg P. Zimmermann. Attention is focused on the perception of Spaniards and Russians by German soldiers, on the image of the war as a whole based on the diary mentioned above. The images drawn by Zimmermann are ambivalent at first: he pays tribute to the courage, perseverance and patriotism of the Guerilliers, complains about cruelty and excesses, condemns looting by soldiers of allied units.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>Result. The tragic fate of the Berg contingent in Russia leads the author of the diary to speculate about good and evil, about combat brotherhood, about the senselessness of losses, the brutality of the Cossacks, the ingratitude of German civil officials. But the leitmotif of the whole narrative is the glorification of the honor of Berg’s soldiers and officers, who did not lose their dignity in the most dangerous and difficult situations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наполеоновские войны</kwd><kwd>государства-модели</kwd><kwd>Великое герцогство Берг</kwd><kwd>Циммерманн</kwd><kwd>Великая Армия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Napoleonic Wars</kwd><kwd>model states</kwd><kwd>the Grand Duchy of Berg</kwd><kwd>Zimmermann</kwd><kwd>the Grand Army</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20-18-00113).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гладышев А. В. Наполеон и границы Германии // Феномен границ в истории и исторической памяти. 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