humanitieslawГуманитарные и юридические исследованияHumanities and law research2409-1030North-Caucasus Federal University10.37493/2409-1030.2022.3.14humanitieslaw-1194Research ArticleЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИLEGAL SCIENCESВзаимодействие права Европейского Союза и конституционного права ВенгрииInteraction of European Union law and Hungarian constitutional lawЛебедеваЯ. И.LebedevaYa. I.

Яна Игоревна Лебедева, младший научный сотрудник

117218

д. 34, ул. Б. Черемушкинская

Москва

Yana I. Lebedeva, junior research fellow

117218

34, B. Cheremushkinskaya st.

Moscow

lebedeva.ioanna@yandex.ruИнститут законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской ФедерацииРоссияInstitute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of Russian FederationRussian Federation20220211202293479490Copyright © Лебедева Я.И., 20222022Лебедева Я.И.Lebedeva Y.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1194

   В статье рассматриваются история и современное состояние взаимодействия права ЕС и конституционного права Венгрии. Последовательно изучаются подходы к такому взаимодействию, сложившиеся на национальном и наднациональном уровне. В рамках исследуемой проблематики затрагиваются вопросы общей модели взаимодействия международного права и внутригосударственного права в Венгрии, которая основана на дуалистических традициях. Рассматриваются процесс вступления государства в Европейский союз и соответствующие конституционные изменения: положение о наделении компетенции; клаузула о национальной идентичности; правила сотрудничества между парламентом и правительством; уточнение статуса и компетенции Национального банка; новые избирательные правила; а также конституционные изменения, принятые позднее в рамках имплементации Рамочного решения Совета ЕС о европейском ордере на арест. Отмечена излишняя политизированность процесса вступления государства в Европейский союз, который должен подчиняться строгим юридическим критериям наличия стабильных институтов, гарантирующих демократию, верховенство права и права человека. Отдельное внимание уделяется Основному закону 2010 г., принятие которого знаменует фазу аксиологического противостояния конституционного правопорядка Венгрии и основополагающих ценностей Союза. В данной связи Европейская комиссия обращается в Суд ЕС с многочисленными исками, которые направлены на решение точечных проблем более общей ситуации отхода от европейских ценностей. Венгрия наряду с Польшей также становится первым государством, в отношении которого была возбуждена процедура явной угрозы серьезного нарушения ценностей. Указанный конфликт стал одной из причин создания новых правовых механизмов, связанных с защитой таких ценностей: рамочной процедуры борьбы с системными угрозами верховенству права; механизма верховенства права и механизма обусловленности верховенством права. Делается вывод о том, что характер и степень политического давления, которое осуществляется Европейской комиссией в отношении Венгрии, ставит под сомнение саму целесообразность участия последней в проекте европейской интеграции.

   The article examines the history and current state of interaction between EU law and Hungarian constitutional law. Approaches to such interaction that have developed at the national and supranational levels are consistently studied. The issues of the general model of interaction between international law and domestic law in Hungary, which is based on dualistic traditions, are touched upon within the framework of the studied issues. The process of the State’s accession to the European Union and the corresponding constitutional amendments are considered: the provision on the granting of competence; the national identity clause; the rules of cooperation between the Parliament and the Government; clarification of the status and competence of the National Bank; new electoral rules; as well as constitutional amendments adopted later as part of the implementation of the EU Council Framework Decision on the European Arrest Warrant. The excessive politicization of the process of the state’s accession to the European Union, which must comply with strict legal criteria for the existence of stable institutions that guarantee democracy, the rule of law and human rights, was noted. Special attention is paid to the Basic Law of 2010, the adoption of which marks a phase of axiological confrontation between the constitutional order of Hungary and the fundamental values of the Union. In this regard, the European Commission appeals to the EU Court with numerous lawsuits aimed at solving the point problems of a more general situation of departure from European values. Hungary, along with Poland, also becomes the first State in respect of which a procedure was initiated for a clear threat of serious violation of values. This conflict has become one of the reasons for the creation of new legal mechanisms related to the protection of such values: the framework procedure for combating systemic threats to the rule of law; the mechanism of the rule of law and the mechanism of conditionality by the rule of law. It is concluded that the nature and degree of political pressure exerted by the European Commission against Hungary casts doubt on the very expediency of the latter’s participation in the European integration project.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.