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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humanitieslaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гуманитарные и юридические исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Humanities and law research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-1030</issn><publisher><publisher-name>North-Caucasus Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37493/2409-1030.2022.3.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">humanitieslaw-1179</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аятолла Хомейни и радикализация шиитских улемов в антишахском движении в Иране</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ayatollah Khomeini and the radicalization of Shiite ulama in the anti-shah movement in Iran</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Владимирович Баранов, кандидат исторических наук, доцент, руководитель</p><p>институт истории и международных отношений</p><p>кафедра всеобщей истории</p><p>410012</p><p>д. 83, ул. Астраханская</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baranov Alexey V., PhD in History, Associate Professor</p><p>Institute of History and International Relations</p><p>Chair of World history</p><p>410012</p><p>83, Astrakhanskaya st.</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranovav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Саратовский государственный университет; НОЦ «Изучение&#13;
стран Ближнего Востока»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saratov State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>367</fpage><lpage>373</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранов А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranov A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1179">https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1179</self-uri><abstract><p>   В статье анализируется эволюция политических взглядов аятоллы Хомейни на предлагаемые шахскими властями реформы, ставшие известными как «Белая революция». Объявленные шахом реформы раскололи улемов и страну на сторонников и противников шахских инициатив. На основе изучения источников, в первую очередь таких, как сборники трудов самого аятоллы Хомейни – «Каутар» и «Сахифийе имам», прослеживается динамика изменения подхода Хомейни к шахским инициативам, их критика, и радикализация под воздействием конфронтационной позиции властей Ирана, связанной с проведением референдума в январе 1963 г. В статье делается попытка откорректировать устоявшийся подход в отечественной историографии о консерватизме шиитских улемов и взглядов Хомейни в таком дискуссионном вопросе, как права женщин в Иране, на чем делается особый упор противников Хомейни. Однако, после анализа выступлений и заявлений аятоллы, в ходе его дискуссии с властями страны, Хомейни делает главный упор на незаконности и неконституционности шахских реформ. Не достигнув компромисса с властями, которые прибегли к силовым мерам и преследованиям оппонентов, Хомейни, взывая к религиозной памяти шиитской традиции священного месяца мухаррама и культа имама Хоссейна ибн Али, призвал к восстанию и свержению шахской власти в Иране. Провал мирного протеста привел к радикализации оппозиции, что и вылилось в кровавые события 4–5 июня 1963 г. Последовавший арест, а затем и высылка аятоллы Хомейни в ноябре 1964 г. из страны сделали его убежденным противником монархии, лидером радикальных шиитских улемов и сторонником построения в Иране Исламской республики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The article analyzes the evolution of Ayatollah Khomeini’s political views on the reforms proposed by the Shah’s authorities, which became known as the «White Revolution». The reforms announced by the Shah split Ulam and the country into supporters and opponents of the Shah’s initiatives. Based on the study of sources, first of all, such as the collections of the works of Ayatollah Khomeini himself – «Kawthar» and «Sahifeh-ye Imam», the dynamics of Khomeini’s approach to the Shah’s initiatives, their criticism, and radicalization under the influence of the confrontational position of the Iranian authorities associated with the referendum in January 1963 are traced. The article attempts to correct the well-established approach in Russian historiography about the conservatism of Shiite Ulama and Khomeini’s views on such a controversial issue as women’s rights in Iran, which is emphasized by Khomeini’s opponents. However, after analyzing the Ayatollah’s speeches and statements, during his discussion with the country’s authorities, Khomeini focuses on the illegality and unconstitutionality of the shah’s reforms. Having failed to reach a compromise with the authorities, who resorted to forceful measures and the persecution of opponents, Khomeini, appealing to the religious memory of the Shiite tradition of the holy month of Muharram and the cult of Imam Hossein ibn Ali, called for an uprising and the overthrow of the shah’s power in Iran. The failure of the peaceful protest led to the radicalization of the opposition, which resulted in the bloody events of June 4-5, 1963. The subsequent arrest, and then the expulsion of Ayatollah Khomeini in November 1964 from the country, made him a staunch opponent of the monarchy, the leader of radical Shiite ulama and a supporter of building in Iran of the Islamic Republic.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иран</kwd><kwd>Хомейни</kwd><kwd>Мохаммад Реза Шах</kwd><kwd>Белая революция</kwd><kwd>ислам</kwd><kwd>улем</kwd><kwd>шиизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iran</kwd><kwd>Khomeini</kwd><kwd>Mohammad Reza Shah</kwd><kwd>White Revolution</kwd><kwd>Islam</kwd><kwd>Ulama</kwd><kwd>Shiism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дорошенко Е. А. Шиитское духовенство в двух революциях: 1905 – 1911 и 1978 – 1979 гг / Е. А. Дорошенко. – М.: ИВ РАН, 1998. – 240с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doroshenko E. A. 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