humanitieslawГуманитарные и юридические исследованияHumanities and law research2409-1030North-Caucasus Federal University10.37493/2409-1030.2022.2.6humanitieslaw-1151Research ArticleИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИHISTORICAL SCIENCESДля цитирования: Конопаткин В. А., Скворцов А. М. Титулатура императоров Поздней Римской империи (конец III – середина V вв.)Titles of the emperors of the late Roman Empire (late III–mid V centuries)КонопаткинВ. А.KonopatkinV. A.

Конопаткин Владислав Алексеевич – магистрант кафедры истории России и зарубежных стран

д. 129, ул. Бр. Кашириных, 454001, Челябинск

Konopatkin Vladislav A.  – Master student of the Department of History of Russia and Foreign Countries

 

vladgimn93@gmail.comСкворцовА. М.SkvortsovA. M.

Скворцов Артём Михайлович – кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник сектора социальных и когнитивных проблем науки

д. 2, ул. Университетская наб., 199034, Санкт-Петербург

Skvortsov Artem M. – PhD in Historical Sciences, Researcher in the Sector of Social and Cognitive Problems of Science

2, Universitetskaya Nab. str., 199034, Saint Petersburg

artyom-skvorcov@yandex.ruЧелябинский государственный университетРоссияChelyabinsk State UniversityRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский филиал Института истории естествознания и техники им. С.И. Вавилова Российской академии наукРоссияSt. Petersburg Branch of the S.I. Vavilov Institute of History of Natural Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20222207202292214223Copyright © Конопаткин В.А., Скворцов А.М., 20222022Конопаткин В.А., Скворцов А.М.Konopatkin V.A., Skvortsov A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/1151

В последние годы у самых разных исследователей наблюдается повышенный интерес к феноменам, непосредственно связанным с социокультурным способом властвования. Однако в отечественной историографии пристальному изучению в этом ключе подвергается лишь эпоха средневековья, а античность же остается практически без внимания. Кроме того, современные историки, разрабатывающие концепцию «Поздней античности», первоначально делали акцент на культурной, религиозной и социальной сферах позднеантичного общества, а политическая и институциональная история их мало интересовала. В результате, сложилась нехватка исследований по этим вопросам. Рассмотрение титулатуры римского императора позволяет восполнить обозначенные пробелы.

Авторы на основании анализа комплекса нумизматических и эпиграфических источников выявляет процесс трансформации титулатуры римских императоров, составляющих ее элементов в III–V вв. Делается вывод о постепенном исчезновении титула imperator, мало использовавшемся уже при наследниках Константина. Основным титулом становится dominus noster, который все чаще включался в официальное имя с III в. Также отмечается поэтапное исключение победных аккламаций, эпитетов pius, felix, invictus, упоминания республиканских должностей, титула Caesar. Однако наблюдается появление оборота victor et triumphator, а также эпитетов semper или perpetuus к титулу augustus.

Обозначенные изменения в титулатуре объясняются авторами смещением акцента с возвеличивания личности императора при помощи конкретных эпитетов на подчеркивание обезличенного и абсолютного характера императорской власти, выраженной в театрализованных ритуалах Поздней античности.

In recent years, a number of researchers have paid increased attention to the phenomena directly related to the sociocultural mode of ruling. However, in the domestic historiography only the Middle Ages (e.g. Boitsov, Polskaya, Voskoboynikov, Khachaturyan) are closely studied in this aspect, while antiquity remains without researchers’ attention, although it is the basis of the formation of medieval monarchies. Moreover, modern historians developing the concept of «Late Antiquity» originally focused their attention on the cultural, religious and social spheres of Late Antique society, while they were little interested in the political and institutional history of the Late Roman Empire, and accordingly there was a lack of research on these issues. Consideration of the titles of the Roman emperor allows us to bridge the mentioned gaps observed in historiography.

Based on the analysis of a set of numismatic and epigraphic sources dating from the 3rd to 5th centuries, the author shows changes in the titles of Roman emperors during this period. In particular, a conclusion is made about the gradual disappearance of the title imperator, which already under the heirs of Constantine almost ceased to be used. At the same time the main title becomes dominus noster, which was gradually included in the official name since the emperors of the III c. There is also a gradual disappearance of victory acclamations, epithets pius felix invictus, references to republican posts, and the title Caesar. However, we observe the appearance of the word victor et triumphator and the addition of the epithets semper or perpetuus to the title augustus.

These changes in the titles are explained by the shift in emphasis from the exaltation of the emperor’s personality with the help of specific epithets to emphasizing the impersonal and absolute character of imperial power, expressed in the theatrical rituals of Late Antiquity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.